{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:26:35Z","timestamp":1790605595758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Despite significant progress in reducing tobacco use over the past 2 decades, tobacco still kills over 8 million people every year. Digital interventions, such as text messaging, have been found to help people quit smoking. Chatbots, or conversational agents, are new digital tools that mimic instantaneous human conversation and therefore could extend the effectiveness of text messaging.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This scoping review aims to assess the extent of research in the chatbot literature for smoking cessation and provide recommendations for future research in this area.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Relevant studies were identified through searches conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and Scopus, as well as additional searches on JMIR, Cochrane Library, Lancet Digital Health, and Digital Medicine. Studies were considered if they were conducted with tobacco smokers, were conducted between 2000 and 2021, were available in English, and included a chatbot intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Of 323 studies identified, 10 studies were included in the review (3 framework articles, 1 study protocol, 2 pilot studies, 2 trials, and 2 randomized controlled trials). Most studies noted some benefits related to smoking cessation and participant engagement; however, outcome measures varied considerably. The quality of the studies overall was low, with methodological issues and low follow-up rates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n More research is needed to make a firm conclusion about the efficacy of chatbots for smoking cessation. Researchers need to provide more in-depth descriptions of chatbot functionality, mode of delivery, and theoretical underpinnings. Consistency in language and terminology would also assist in reviews of what approaches work across the field.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/35556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T12:13:03Z","timestamp":1660824783000},"page":"e35556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Chatbots for Smoking Cessation: Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0901-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0122-1000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosie","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8810-5557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"TobaccoWorld Health Organization2022-09-14http:\/\/who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tobacco"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, fourth editionWorld Health Organization2021-12-08https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240039322"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"WHO statement: Tobacco use and COVID-19World Health Organization20202021-12-08https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/11-05-2020-who-statement-tobacco-use-and-covid-19"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Number of smartphone subscriptions worldwide from 2016 to 2021, with forecasts from 2022 to 2027Statista2022-09-14https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/330695\/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide\/"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-007-9144-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/1422-4917\/a000625"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001362"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006611.pub5"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jsc.2012.12"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-42"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.04.043"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"377","author":"Brandtzaeg, PB","year":"2017","journal-title":"Internet Science. 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