{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:55:27Z","timestamp":1782842127688,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young people have the highest rate of drug use worldwide. Recent data from Mexico in this population show that the prevalence of illicit drug use doubled between 2011 and 2016 (2.9%-6.2%), with marijuana being the one with the highest increase (2.4%-5.3%), but also point out that alcohol and tobacco use have remained steady or decreased. Mexican adolescents are at high risk for drug use owing to a low perception of risk and the availability of drugs. Adolescence is an ideal period to reduce or prevent risky behaviors using evidence-based strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we aimed to test the short-term effectiveness of a mobile intervention app (\u201cWhat Happens if you Go Too Far?\u201d [\u201c\u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa si te pasas?\u201d]) that seeks to increase risk perception of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use in a sample of Mexican high school students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nonexperimental evaluation based on pretest-posttest design was used to measure the effectiveness of a preventive intervention using a mobile app, \u201cWhat Happens If You Go Too Far?\u201d The dimensions analyzed were knowledge of drugs and their effects, life skills, self-esteem, and risk perception. The intervention was conducted on a high school campus with 356 first-year students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample included 359 first-year high school students (mean 15, SD 0.588 years; women: 224\/359, 62.4% men: 135\/359, 37.6%). The intervention increased the overall risk perception of tobacco (\u03c724=21.6; P&lt;.001) and alcohol use (\u03c724=15.3; P&lt;.001). There was no significant difference in the perception that it is dangerous to smoke 5 cigarettes, and there was a marginal difference in the perception that it is very dangerous to smoke 1 cigarette or to use alcohol or marijuana. We used a generalized estimating equation method to determine the impact of the variables on risk perception. The results showed that knowledge about smoking increased the risk perception of smoking 1 cigarette (odds ratio [OR] 1.1065, 95% CI 1.013-1.120; P=.01), and that knowledge about marijuana use (OR 1.109, 95% CI 1.138-1.185; P=.002) and self-esteem (OR 1.102, 95% CI 1.007-1.206; P=.04) produced significant increases in the risk perception of consuming 5 cigarettes. Resistance to peer pressure and assertiveness also increased the perceived risk of using tobacco and alcohol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention has the potential to increase the perception of risk toward drug use in high school students by providing knowledge about the effects and psychosocial risks of drug use and by strengthening life skills that are associated with increased risk perception. The use of mobile technologies in intervention processes may broaden the scope of preventive work for adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/37873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T19:09:11Z","timestamp":1669057751000},"page":"e37873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effectiveness of a Mobile App to Increase Risk Perception of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use in Mexican High School Students: Quantitative Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Fuentes A","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4368-5911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Jim\u00e9nez Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0739-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunice M","family":"Ruiz-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4656-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Bola\u00f1os-Ceballos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-5311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Flores Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4913-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9684-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Forteza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) Guidance to Support Country Implementation"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Drug Report 2021. Booklet 2. Global Overview of Drug Demand and Drug SupplyUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime20212021-11-01https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/unodc\/en\/data-and-analysis\/wdr-2021_booklet-2.html"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17711\/SM.0185-3325.2017.012"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106679"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Executive summary | Impact of COVID-19 | policy implicationsUnited Nations20202021-11-01https:\/\/wdr.unodc.org\/wdr2020\/en\/exsum.html"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco, ENCODAT 2016-2017Comisi\u00f3n Nacional contra las Adicciones20172021-10-01https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/salud%7Cconadic\/acciones-y-programas\/encuesta-nacional-de-consumo-de-drogas-alcohol-y-tabaco-encodat-2016-2017-136758"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Encuesta de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes 2012 Ciudad de M\u00e9xicoInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz2013752021-11-30http:\/\/www.uade.inpsiquiatria.edu.mx\/pagina_contenidos\/investigaciones\/estudiantes_df\/Estudiantes%20DF_2012\/Encuesta%202012\/index.html"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.8474"},{"key":"ref9","author":"Chaves, M","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00f3venes, territorios y complicidades: Una antropolog\u00eda de la juventud urbana"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12370"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26796"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"393","author":"Fuentes, P","year":"2022","journal-title":"Violencia y salud mental: Perspectiva desde la Neurociencia, la Cl\u00ednica y la Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11906-2"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2012.04.009"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/579310"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Las drogas, el cerebro y la conducta: bases cient\u00edficas de la adicci\u00f3nNational Institute on Drug Abuse2020062022-09-29https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/soa_sp.pdf"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.10.003"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2014.984847"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2017.1394378"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"Bejarano, J","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Int Drug Alcohol Tobacco Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14123"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","first-page":"11","volume":"28","author":"Beco\u00f1a, E","year":"2007","journal-title":"Papeles del Psic\u00f3logo"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25009\/pys.v21i1.586"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Las Drogas, el Cerebro y el Comportamiento La Ciencia de la Adicci\u00f3nNational Institute on Drug Abuse20142021-09-10https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/bdfu5p9v"},{"key":"ref25","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Drug Report 2021 Executive Summary"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Guidelines on mental health promotive and preventive interventions for adolescents: helping adolescents thrive. Executive summaryWorld Health Organization20212022-05-01https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/341140"},{"key":"ref27","year":"2003","journal-title":"Skills for Health. Skills-based Health Education Including Life Skills: An Important Component of a Child-friendly\/ Health Promoting School"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Skills Education School Handbook: Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases: Introduction"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/jpm-3-3-1"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s FundImportancia del desarrollo de habilidades transferibles en Am\u00e9rica Latina y el CaribeFondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF)20202021-11-01https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/lac\/sites\/unicef.org.lac\/files\/2020-07\/Importancia-Desarrollo-Habilidades-Transferibles-ALC_0.pdf"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.06.042"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26951"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2015.03.002"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00002-X"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-019-0358-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","first-page":"67","volume":"35","author":"Mart\u00ednez, LB","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Drogodependencia"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"KrauskopfDMaddalenoMPan American Health OrganizationEstado del arte de los programas de prevenci\u00f3n de la violencia en \u00e1mbitos escolaresPan American Health Organization20062021-06-10https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/handle\/10665.2\/2732"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2747"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10442"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12688"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00954"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/11107"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Qu\u00e9 pasa si te pasas?Google Play2022-10-10https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=mx.ohkasystems.fgra&hl=es_MX&gl=US"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02114.x"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03740.x"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0470114754","author":"Agresti, A","year":"2007","journal-title":"An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030877"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1981387"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103326"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2017.1351481"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896914557097"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-020-09857-w"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2020.100570"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2020.1774454"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010208"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000433"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1990334"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226333"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540253.2019.1594707"}],"container-title":["JMIR mHealth and uHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2023\/1\/e37873","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:33:04Z","timestamp":1782840784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2023\/1\/e37873"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"references-count":59,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/37873","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.37873","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2291-5222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-5222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]}}}