{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:29:13Z","timestamp":1789424953835,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Video games are a popular sedentary activity among people with impaired mobility; however, active video game hardware typically lacks accessibility and customization options for individuals with mobility impairments. A touchpad video game system can elicit moderate physical activity in healthy adults; however, it is unclear if this system is usable by adults with impaired mobility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study was to assess the usability of a touchpad video game controller system adapted for adults with impaired mobility. Additional outcomes explored were enjoyment, perceived exertion, self-efficacy, participant feedback, and researcher observations of gameplay.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Participants played several video game titles for 20 minutes with a touchpad video game controller as they stood or sat in a chair or their wheelchair. Usability was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale (Health-ITUES) surveys after gameplay. After each video game, participants reported enjoyment using a visual analog scale (0 to 100 mm) and a rating of perceived exertion using the OMNI 0 to 10 scale. Self-efficacy was measured before and after gameplay. Participants provided feedback at the end of their session.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n In total, 21 adults (6 females and 15 males) with a mean age of 48.8 (SD 13.8) years with various mobility impairments participated in this study. The touchpads received mean usability scores on the SUS 80.1 (SD 18.5) and Health-ITUES 4.23 (SD 0.67).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The SUS scores reported suggest the touchpad system is \u201cusable\u201d; however, the Health-ITUES scores were slightly below a suggested benchmark. Participants reported moderate to high enjoyment but perceived the exertion as \u201csomewhat easy.\u201d Self-efficacy was moderate to high and did not differ pre- to postgame play. The participants regarded the touchpads as novel, fun, and entertaining. The generalizability of our results is limited due to the heterogenous sample; however, our participants identified several areas of improvement for future iteration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/41993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T22:30:23Z","timestamp":1684189823000},"page":"e41993","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Usability of a Touchpad Active Video Game Controller for Individuals With Impaired Mobility: Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9116-2536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christen J","family":"Mendonca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9426-6325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurie 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