{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:48:42Z","timestamp":1792262922679,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formative experiences in adolescence lay the foundation for healthy and pleasurable romantic and sexual relationships. Exposure to pornography may affect these experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to synthesize evidence published in the past decade on the relationship between exposure to pornography and sexual behavior (earlier age of first sex [&lt;16 years], condomless sex, past-year multiple partners [&gt;1], lifetime multiple partners [&gt;1], group sex, sexual aggression including forced sex, paid sex, teenage pregnancy, and history of sexually transmitted infection) in adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 19 eligible studies by searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases from January 2010 to November 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 8 studies that assessed earlier age of first sex, 5 studies, including 1 longitudinal study, found a statistically significant association with exposure to pornography. Given that most studies were cross-sectional or had substantial limitations, causal inference could not be made. Also, exposure to pornography was not measured consistently. The evidence was conflicting or insufficient to draw any conclusions regarding other outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More quantitative research is needed to elucidate the association between pornography exposure and sexual behavior, and sex education should adopt evidence-based approaches to minimize the potential harms from pornography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021227390; https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=227390<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/43116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T20:39:36Z","timestamp":1675197576000},"page":"e43116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Exposure to Pornography and Adolescent Sexual Behavior: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9425-6271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranujan","family":"Pathmendra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3186-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Raggatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3136-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan SC","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6742-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1970-9792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S Rachel","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00579-1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2008.10.139"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-8525.2009.01142.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-017-0706-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5217-z"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v11i2.1061"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0343"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12678"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14681811.2020.1786362"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023858"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"RichardsonC\"I imagine the male isn't in the video and it is me:\" a mixed methods study of internet pornography, masculinity, and sexual aggression in emerging adulthoodUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln20182022-08-05https:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1334&context=cehsdiss"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00936502211003765"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100534"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.01.013"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118x06287858"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-205453"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"MasonMLegislation Relating to Pornography in AustraliaDepartment of the Parliamentary Library, Australia199210202023-02-14Canberra, AustraliaParliament of the Commonwealth of Australiahttps:\/\/parlinfo.aph.gov.au\/parlInfo\/search\/display\/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22library%2Fprspub%2FG1610%22"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780197598535.001.0001","author":"Waltman, M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pornography: The Politics of Legal Challenges"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2016.1143441"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2019.1567640"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-010-9714-0"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20367"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003232032","author":"McKee, A","year":"2022","journal-title":"What Do We Know About the Effects of Pornography After Fifty Years of Academic Research?"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2211556007666180606073617"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818759271"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8010091"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01542-z"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23268743.2018.1544096"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Team EndNoteEndNoteClarivate20132021-01-01Philadelphia, PA, USAClarivatehttps:\/\/endnote.com\/"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"WellsGASheaBO'ConnellDPetersonJWelchVLososMTugwellPThe Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analysesThe Ottawa Hospital Research Institute20002021-03-12https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431610393248"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2021.1910223"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13329"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2017.03.002"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12211"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01501-3"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147110"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-1435-4"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-013-0141-6"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.04.010"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2019.1652392"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-013-1025-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","first-page":"1059","volume":"25","author":"Siti-Haidah, MI","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pertanika J Soc Sci Humanit"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01571-3"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218962"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230242"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.11.305"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2011.551996"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12008"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063220952777"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2021.1887980"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838020942754"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/cjhs.2021-0010"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21978"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14681811.2013.767194"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363460717699769"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23268743.2013.870306"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36222-5_18","author":"Rowland, DL","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cultural Differences and the Practice of Sexual Medicine: A Guide for Sexual Health Practitioners"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-727"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0391-2"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2325-9728.1000171"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0416-x"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH21110"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650218796363"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-020-01877-7"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-200210000-00008"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038516629909"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482798.2013.781512"},{"key":"ref70","unstructured":"The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationJoint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDSUnited Nations Population FundUnited Nations Children's FundUnited Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of WomenWorld Health OrganizationInternational technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approachUNESCO Publishing20182022-10-22https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000260770"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2023\/1\/e43116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:45:02Z","timestamp":1782841502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2023\/1\/e43116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"references-count":70,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/43116","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.43116","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]}}}