{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:53:35Z","timestamp":1782845615780,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Hum Factors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 created an opportunity for using teleconsultation as an alternative way of accessing expert medical advice. Bangladesh has seen a 20-fold increase in the use of teleconsultation during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of our study was to assess the influence of service quality and user satisfaction on the intention to use teleconsultation in the future among users of national teleconsultation services during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020 among users of the national teleconsultation service\u2014Shastho Batayon for acute respiratory infection. A validated mobile health service quality model based on structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data with SmartPLS (version 3.0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 2097 study participants, 1646 (78.5%) were male, 1416 (67.5%) were aged 18\u201039 years, 1588 (75.7%) were urban residents, 1348 (64.2%) had more than 10 years of schooling, and 1657 (79%) were from middle-income households. From a consumer perspective, the quality of the service platform (\u03b2=.946), service interaction (\u03b2=.974), and outcome (\u03b2=.955) contributed to service quality. Service quality was positively associated with user satisfaction (\u03b2=.327;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001) and intention to use teleconsultation services (\u03b2=.102;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001). User satisfaction was positively associated with the intention to use teleconsultation services (\u03b2=.311;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increase in the use of teleconsultation during the pandemic indicated that such services were potentially used for emergencies. However, the future use of teleconsultation will be dependent on the quality of service and user satisfaction. Our findings are relevant for low-income contexts where teleconsultation services are used to address gaps in service delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/46566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T07:25:24Z","timestamp":1724657124000},"page":"e46566-e46566","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Users\u2019 Perceived Service Quality of National Telemedicine Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5464-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatema","family":"Khatun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6038-2130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Novel Chandra","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4516-1081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Rakibul","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3675-8684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazi Nazmus","family":"Saqeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7877-858X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monjur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6400-4727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Ryul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8796-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel D","family":"Reidpath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"COVID-19 significantly impacts health services for noncommunicable diseases. World Health Organization. URL: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/01-06-2020-covid-19-significantly-impacts-health-services-for-noncommunicable-diseases [Accessed 11-12-2024]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X0501100102","article-title":"Introduction to the practice of telemedicine","volume":"11","author":"Craig","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"9840","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61127-1","article-title":"Technologies for global health","volume":"380","author":"Howitt","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18810","article-title":"Global telemedicine implementation and integration within health systems to fight the COVID-19 pandemic: a call to action","volume":"6","author":"Ohannessian","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"9","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20786","article-title":"Patient satisfaction with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Ramaswamy","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa171","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies: implications for maternal and child health and nutrition","volume":"112","author":"Akseer","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.11.009","article-title":"Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare facilities and systems: international perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Kaye","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041622","article-title":"National primary care responses to COVID-19: a rapid review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Haldane","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpbup.2021.100008","article-title":"Healthcare strategies and initiatives about COVID19 in Pakistan: telemedicine a way to look forward","volume":"1","author":"Humayun","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed Update"},{"issue":"3","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/2224-3151.309867","article-title":"Strengthening primary health care in the COVID-19 era: a review of best practices to inform health system responses in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"10","author":"Peiris","journal-title":"WHO South East Asia J Public Health"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.03047","article-title":"The introduction of telemedicine is required immediately in Cambodia: barriers and lessons from COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Nit","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3064","article-title":"Telemedicine is an important aspect of healthcare services amid COVID\u201019 outbreak: its barriers in Bangladesh and strategies to overcome","volume":"36","author":"Chowdhury","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manage"},{"issue":"e2","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-138742","article-title":"Telemedicine: a new normal in COVID era; perspective from a developing nation","volume":"98","author":"Malhotra","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"R14","unstructured":"Bangladesh health system review. World Health Organization. 2015. URL: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/208214\/9789290617051_eng.pdf [Accessed 29-11-2024]"},{"issue":"2","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/2224-3151.264849","article-title":"Bangladesh\u2019s digital health journey: reflections on a decade of quiet revolution","volume":"8","author":"Khan","journal-title":"WHO South East Asia J Public Health"},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Ahmed R . Bangladesh fares poorly in use of technology to fight COVID-19. Prothomalo. 2020. URL: https:\/\/en.prothomalo.com\/bangladesh\/digital-bangladesh-fares-poorly-in-use-of-technology-to-fight-covid-19 [Accessed 14-11-2024]"},{"issue":"6","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13467","article-title":"A systematic assessment on COVID-19 preparedness and transition strategy in Bangladesh","volume":"26","author":"Biswas","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bali S . Barriers to development of telemedicine in developing countries. In: Telehealth. IntechOpen; 2019. [doi: 10.5772\/intechopen.81723]","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.81723"},{"issue":"5","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19577","article-title":"Telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences from Western China","volume":"22","author":"Hong","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2017.02.002","article-title":"Understanding factors influencing the adoption of mHealth by the elderly: an extension of the UTAUT model","volume":"101","author":"Hoque","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.07.006","article-title":"Opportunities in telemedicine, lessons learned after COVID-19 and the way into the future","volume":"108","author":"Abdel-Wahab","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1108\/14635770810903150","article-title":"Patient\u2010perceived dimensions of total quality service in healthcare","volume":"15","author":"Duggirala","journal-title":"Benchmarking"},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"Implementing telemedicine services during COVID-19: guiding principles and considerations for a stepwise approach. World Health Organization. 2020. URL: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WPR-DSE-2020-032 [Accessed 29-11-2024]"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2018.1541734","article-title":"The effect of mobile health service quality on user satisfaction and continual usage","volume":"32","author":"Oppong","journal-title":"Total Qual Manag Bus Excell"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5038\/2641-5062-v2","article-title":"An empirical investigation of the impact of service quality on satisfaction, usage behaviors, and quality of life in m-health service context: a case of Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"Tweena","journal-title":"Glob Conf on Serv Mgmt"},{"issue":"5","key":"R26","first-page":"562","volume":"15","author":"Lee","journal-title":"Int J Econ Manag Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111413","article-title":"Prospects of mHealth services in Bangladesh: recent evidence from Chakaria","volume":"9","author":"Khatun","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sowon K Chigona W . Trust in mhealth: how do maternal health clients accept and use mhealth interventions?Presented at: SAICSIT \u201920: Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists 2020; Sep 14-16, 2020; Cape Town, South Africa. [doi: 10.1145\/3410886.3410895]","DOI":"10.1145\/3410886.3410895"},{"issue":"2","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2022.0089","article-title":"A conceptual model to evaluate service quality of direct-to-consumer telemedicine consultation from patient perspective","volume":"29","author":"Preaux","journal-title":"Telemed J E Health"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-010-0043-x","article-title":"Service quality of mHealth platforms: development and validation of a hierarchical model using PLS","volume":"20","author":"Akter","journal-title":"Electron Markets"},{"issue":"4","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2013.03.001","article-title":"Development and validation of an instrument to measure user perceived service quality of mHealth","volume":"50","author":"Akter","journal-title":"Inf Manag"},{"key":"R32","unstructured":"Akter S D\u2019Ambra J Ray P . User perceived service quality of mhealth services in developing countries. Presented at: ECIS 2010 Proceedings; Jun 7-9, 2010; Pretoria, South Africa."},{"issue":"4","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1999.0353","article-title":"Variables affecting information technology end-user satisfaction: a meta-analysis of the empirical literature","volume":"52","author":"Adam Mahmood","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.01205","article-title":"Measuring IS user satisfaction: review and implications","volume":"12","author":"Zviran","journal-title":"Commun Assoc Inf Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299205600304","article-title":"Measuring service quality: a reexamination and extension","volume":"56","author":"Cronin","journal-title":"J Mark"},{"issue":"2","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4359(00)00029-4","article-title":"A comprehensive framework for service quality: an investigation of critical conceptual and measurement issues through a longitudinal study","volume":"76","author":"Dabholkar","journal-title":"J Retailing"},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"A-priori sample size calculator for structural equation models. DanielSoper. URL: https:\/\/www.danielsoper.com\/statcalc\/calculator.aspx?id=89 [Accessed 11-12-2024]"},{"key":"R38","unstructured":"Bentler P . EQS Structural Equations Model Program Manual. Multivariate Software; 2006."},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011127315884","article-title":"Empirical evaluation of user models and user-adapted systems","volume":"11","author":"Chin","journal-title":"User Model User-Adapt Interact"},{"key":"R40","unstructured":"Chin WW . The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In: Modern Methods for Business Research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1998:295-336."},{"issue":"1","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2004.03.005","article-title":"PLS path modeling","volume":"48","author":"Tenenhaus","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2307\/20650284","article-title":"Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: guidelines and empirical illustration","volume":"33","author":"Wetzels","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"key":"R43","unstructured":"Fornell C Larcker DF . Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: algebra and statistics. The University of Michigan Library. 1981. URL: https:\/\/deepblue.lib.umich.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/2027.42\/35622\/b1378752.0001.001.pdf?sequence=2&amp;"},{"issue":"1","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPHM-05-2021-0055","article-title":"Understanding the determinants of adoption of mHealth services among older women\u2019s perspective in Bangladesh","volume":"17","author":"Alam","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Healthc Mark"},{"issue":"10","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2015.06.008","article-title":"Determinants of readiness to adopt mHealth in a rural community of Bangladesh","volume":"84","author":"Khatun","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"7","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10071327","article-title":"Stimuli influencing engagement, satisfaction, and intention to use telemedicine services: an integrative model","volume":"10","author":"Amin","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2016.05.010","article-title":"Community readiness for adopting mHealth in rural Bangladesh: a qualitative exploration","volume":"93","author":"Khatun","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2021.101780","article-title":"Applied artificial intelligence and user satisfaction: smartwatch usage for healthcare in Bangladesh during COVID-19","volume":"67","author":"Uzir","journal-title":"Technol Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257300","article-title":"Forecasting care seekers satisfaction with telemedicine using machine learning and structural equation modeling","volume":"16","author":"Zobair","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102351","article-title":"Determinants of mHealth success: an empirical investigation of the user perspective","volume":"59","author":"Birkmeyer","journal-title":"Int J Inf Manage"},{"issue":"4","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2021.0529","article-title":"The promise of teleconsultation in the era of pandemic: a case from Bangladesh","volume":"29","author":"Khatun","journal-title":"Telemed J E Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4236\/jss.2022.1012023","article-title":"Factors influencing continuous intention to use telemedicine after the COVID-19 pandemic in China: an extended technology acceptance model","volume":"10","author":"Wang","journal-title":"Open J Soc Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10071327","article-title":"Stimuli influencing engagement, satisfaction, and intention to use telemedicine services: an integrative model","volume":"10","author":"Amin","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21106\/ijtmrph.410","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on essential health care of rural people in Northern Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Rahman","journal-title":"Int J Transl Med Res Public Health"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.647315","article-title":"Challenges faced by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative inquiry from Bangladesh","volume":"9","author":"Razu","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"R56","unstructured":"Guidelines and rules [Article in Bangla]. Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS). URL: https:\/\/old.dghs.gov.bd\/index.php\/bd\/publication\/guideline [Accessed 11-12-2024]"},{"issue":"2","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.35680\/2372-0247.1415","article-title":"An extensive review of patient satisfaction with healthcare services in Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Mohiuddin","journal-title":"Patient Exp J"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haque MM . Patient-doctor trust at local healthcare centers in rural bangladesh. In: Policy Response, Local Service Delivery, and Governance in Bangladesh. Springer; 2021:233-257. [doi: 10.1007\/978-3-030-66018-5_10]","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-66018-5_10"},{"key":"R59","unstructured":"Telemedicine guidelines. Bangladesh Medical & Dental Council. 2020. URL: https:\/\/www.bmdc.org.bd\/docs\/BMDC_Telemedicine_Guidelines_July2020.pdf [Accessed 14-11-2024]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.31557\/ejhc.2022.2.1.13-17","article-title":"Impact of telehealth services through \u201cShastho Batayon 16263\u201d for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"Uddin Ahmed","journal-title":"East J Healthc"},{"key":"R61","unstructured":"Motamarri S Akter S Ray P Tseng CL . mHealth: a better alternative for healthcare in developing countries. Presented at: PACIS-2012 Proceedings; Jul 11-15, 2012; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam."}],"container-title":["JMIR Human Factors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e46566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:53:17Z","timestamp":1782841997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e46566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/46566","relation":{},"ISSN":["2292-9495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2292-9495","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"article-number":"v11i1e46566"}}