{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:55:53Z","timestamp":1782845753599,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Hum Factors"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Mobile app development within mental health is often time- and resource-consuming, challenging the development of mobile apps for psychiatry. There is a continuum of software development methods ranging from linear (waterfall model) to continuous adaption (Scrum). Rapid application development (RAD) is a model that so far has not been applied to psychiatric settings and may have some advantages over other models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to explore the utility of the RAD model in developing a mobile app for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a psychiatric outpatient setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The 4 phases of the RAD model: (1) requirements planning, (2) user design, (3) construction, and (4) cutover, were applied to develop a mobile app within psychiatric outpatient services for patients diagnosed with BPD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n For the requirements planning phase, a short time frame was selected to minimize the time between product conceptualization and access within a clinical setting. Evidenced-based interactive content already developed was provided by current staff to enhance usability and trustworthiness. For the user design phase, activity with video themes and a discrete number of functions were used to improve the app functionality and graphical user interface. For the construction phase, close collaboration between clinicians, researchers, and software developers yielded a fully functional, in-house\u2013developed app ready to be tested in clinical practice. For the cutover phase, the mobile app was tested successfully with a small number (n=5) of patients with a BPD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The RAD model could be meaningfully applied in a psychiatric setting to develop an app for BPD within a relatively short time period from conceptualization to implementation in the clinic. Short time frames and identifying a limited number of stakeholders with relevant skills in-house facilitated the use of this model. Despite some limitations, RAD could be a useful model in the development of apps for clinical populations to enable development and access to evidence-based technology.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/46928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T17:47:30Z","timestamp":1695491250000},"page":"e46928","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Facilitating In-House Mobile App Development Within Psychiatric Outpatient Services for Patients Diagnosed With Borderline Personality Disorder: Rapid Application Development Approach"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Abbas","family":"Shaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5988-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen F","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3320-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mie Sedoc","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2852-2292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Aasted","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6463-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Bechmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8766-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henriette E","family":"Kinnerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3724-6808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte Juul","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1696-3082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ragnar Klein","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6134-2392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.4984"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14913"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440221140372"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/12274.003.0035","author":"Royce, WW","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ideas That Created the Future: Classic Papers of Computer Science"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02152-7_29"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","first-page":"114","volume":"2","author":"Patel, UA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Eng Res Technol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219877020300025"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref8","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Akif, R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Sci Eng Res"},{"key":"ref9","author":"James, M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rapid Application Development"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pro0000122"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00270"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000325"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"What is rapid application development (RAD)? an ultimate guide for 2023Kissflow20232023-11-10https:\/\/kissflow.com\/application-development\/rad\/rapid-application-development\/"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/38555"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)Creative Commons2023-11-11https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"PearsonLThe four levels of software testingSegue Technologies20152023-07-31https:\/\/www.seguetech.com\/the-four-levels-of-software-testing\/"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"What is alpha testing and beta testing: a complete guideSoftware Testing Help20232023-07-31https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/what-is-alpha-testing-beta-testing\/"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26891"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/33060"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.083"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-139"}],"container-title":["JMIR Human Factors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2023\/1\/e46928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:54:08Z","timestamp":1782842048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2023\/1\/e46928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/46928","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.46928","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2292-9495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2292-9495","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]}}}