{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:44:05Z","timestamp":1791582245867,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Serious Games"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are neuromuscular diseases. DMD is the most prevalent in children. It affects dystrophin production, reducing the patient\u2019s mobility and quality of life. New technologies have become a part of physical therapy in DMD and BMD. During the COVID-19 pandemic, conducting telerehabilitation through virtual reality\u2013based games could help these children maintain their physical abilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined if the use of a virtual platform in a multimodal intervention program changes the results of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in children with DMD and BMD. The main objective was to test whether children with DMD and BMD obtain different results on the 6MWT after completing 10 telerehabilitation treatment sessions. The secondary objective was to measure whether other specific motor scales also produce different results after the 10 defined sessions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a descriptive, open, and quasi-experimental study with a prospective A-B (control-intervention) design. A sample of 12 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria followed the program for 5 weeks with 10 telerehabilitation sessions. During the sessions, the participants used virtual reality glasses to train for the treatment goals. All participants were assessed in person before and after the intervention. Analysis was performed using R software according to the different functional assessments performed for each test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The participants showed a 19.55-meter increase in the 6MWT. Motor function also remained stable according to other scales used to assess it. The North Start Ambulatory Assessment scores were stable in both treatment conditions (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.20). Furthermore, the timed up and go test results were 0.1 seconds faster in the telerehabilitation condition, and the Motor Function Measure in all of the 3 dimensions showed no significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.08). Finally, the Effort Perception Infant scale showed that during the training, fatigue increased in the middle and decreased by the end of the sessions, but the perception throughout the sessions was lower even as the exercise intensity increased.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no differences between conventional and telerehabilitation treatments, so the telerehabilitation tool could be used without harming children with DMD and BMD, facilitating their access to therapies and stimulating learning to maintain their functional capacity. Therefore, telerehabilitation in general may be helpful in maintaining motor function in children with DMD and BMD. The learning effect helped reduce the feeling of fatigue in the children during the program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/48022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T10:44:45Z","timestamp":1696070685000},"page":"e48022-e48022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effectiveness of a 5-Week Virtual Reality Telerehabilitation Program for Children With Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Prospective Quasi-Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3393-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Rosa","family":"Baeza-Barrag\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3911-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Labajos Manzanares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7158-968X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes Cristina","family":"Amaya-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6346-5504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Morales Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7011-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"Rodriguez Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-3647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Mart\u00edn-Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"R1","first-page":"555","volume":"56","author":"Fagoaga","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2015.07.002","article-title":"Recent developments in the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"25","author":"Guglieri","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2018.01.001","article-title":"Consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"34","author":"Nascimento Osorio","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0631-3","article-title":"The burden, epidemiology, costs and treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an evidence review","volume":"12","author":"Ryder","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-020-01786-8","article-title":"Establishing a telerehabilitation program for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"133","author":"Sobierajska-Rek","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"4","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcp.2020.05.006","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"49","author":"Palacio-Ortiz","journal-title":"Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"World Confederation for Physical TherapyInternational Network of Physiotherapy Regulatory Authorities. Report of the WCPT\/INPTRA Digital Physical Therapy Practice Task Force. World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Mar2020. URL: https:\/\/world.physio\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-06\/WCPT-INPTRA-Digital-Physical-Therapy-Practice-Task-force-March2020.pdf [Accessed 23-06-2023]"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.601898","article-title":"Active video games and low-cost virtual reality: an ideal therapeutic modality for children with physical disabilities during a global pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Demers","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab053","article-title":"Effectiveness of telerehabilitation in physical therapy: a rapid overview","volume":"101","author":"Seron","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5195\/ijt.2021.6371","article-title":"Rapid implementation of telerehabilitation for pediatric patients during COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Bican","journal-title":"Int J Telerehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2011.12.011","article-title":"Use of virtual reality systems as proprioception method in cerebral palsy: clinical practice guideline","volume":"29","author":"Monge Pereira","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"issue":"3","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-200478","article-title":"Assessing physical activity using accelerometers in youth with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Arteaga","journal-title":"J Neuromuscul Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s20174864","article-title":"Daily life benefits and usage characteristics of dynamic arm supports in subjects with neuromuscular disorders","volume":"20","author":"Essers","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6179","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126179","article-title":"Respiratory telerehabilitation of boys and young men with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Sobierajska-Rek","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.123653","article-title":"The 6-minute walk test: normal values for children of 4-11 years of age","volume":"93","author":"Lammers","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"8","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160195","article-title":"Revised North Star Ambulatory Assessment for young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"11","author":"Mercuri","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1017\/s0012162205001027","article-title":"Investigation of the timed \u201cup & go\u201d test in children","volume":"47","author":"Williams","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/58784","article-title":"Measurements of motor function and other clinical outcome parameters in ambulant children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","author":"Nagy","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"3","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rchipe.2015.09.001","article-title":"Escala de medici\u00f3n de esfuerzo percibido infantil (EPInfant): validaci\u00f3n en ni\u00f1os y adolescentes Chilenos. Measurement scale of child perceived exertion (EPInfant): validation Chilean children and adolescents. Article in Spanish","volume":"87","author":"Rodr\u00edguez N\u00fa\u00f1ez","journal-title":"Rev Chil Pediatr"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"RV Duchenne Playlist. Rosa Baeza Barragan YouTube page. Aug14, 2023. URL: https:\/\/youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLCcCMZP6jAMoOlMhCVUGxfU0hJdDPCLVs [Accessed 18-10-2023]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30024-3","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management","volume":"17","author":"Birnkrant","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R22","unstructured":"Marrugat J Vila J . Calculadora de Tama\u00f1o Muestral GRANMO (Versi\u00f3n 7.12). Institut Municipal d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica. Apr2012. URL: http:\/\/www.imim.cat\/ofertadeserveis\/software-public\/granmo\/ [Accessed 26-10-2023]"},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"2024 ICD-10-CM diagnosis code G71-01 Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy. ICD10Data.com. URL: https:\/\/www.icd10data.com\/ICD10CM\/Codes\/G00-G99\/G70-G73\/G71-\/G71.01 [Accessed 18-10-2023]"},{"issue":"9","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.4155\/cli.11.113","article-title":"Clinical outcome measures for trials in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: report from international working group meetings","volume":"1","author":"Bushby","journal-title":"Clin Investig (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23902","article-title":"The 6-minute walk test and other endpoints in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: longitudinal natural history observations over 48 weeks from a multicenter study","volume":"48","author":"McDonald","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22097","article-title":"Cardiomyopathy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: current understanding and future directions","volume":"44","author":"Spurney","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-10-55","article-title":"Physical training in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: the protocol of the No Use is Disuse study","volume":"10","author":"Jansen","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/21576","article-title":"The use of virtual reality technologies in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Baeza-Barrag\u00e1n","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.19127\/bshealthscience.1085049","article-title":"A parent-focused survey to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"5","author":"Tun\u00e7","journal-title":"Black Sea Journal of Health Science"},{"key":"R30","unstructured":"Alarc\u00f3n V\u00e1squez D Llant\u00e9n Poblete R . Valores normales de los indicadores del test de marcha 6 minutos, seg\u00fan el protocolo de la A.T.S., en ni\u00f1os normopeso sanos de entre 6 y 14 a\u00f1os, de la Provincia de Talagante [Article in Spanish] [Thesis]. Universidad de Chile; 2006. URL: https:\/\/repositorio.uchile.cl\/tesis\/uchile\/2006\/alarcon_d\/sources\/alarcon_d.pdf [Accessed 26-10-2023]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052512","article-title":"24-Month longitudinal data in ambulant boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"8","author":"Mazzone","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00024","article-title":"Analysis of different device interactions in a virtual reality task in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy-a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"de Freitas","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S125466","article-title":"Improvements in motor tasks through the use of smartphone technology for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"13","author":"Capelini","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"5","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-022-01975-4","article-title":"Comparison of telerehabilitation versus home-based video exercise in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a single-blind randomized study","volume":"122","author":"Kenis-Coskun","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"4","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30953\/tmt.v6.285","article-title":"Telerehabilitation: an overview","volume":"6","author":"Krishnan","journal-title":"Telehealth and Medicine Today"}],"container-title":["JMIR Serious Games"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/games.jmir.org\/2023\/1\/e48022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:28:26Z","timestamp":1782840506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/games.jmir.org\/2023\/1\/e48022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/48022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-9279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-9279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"article-number":"v11ie48022"}}