{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T08:05:40Z","timestamp":1792742740443,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have immense potential to support disease self-management for people with complex medical conditions following treatment regimens that involve taking medicine and other self-management activities. However, there is no consensus on what discrete behavior change techniques (BCTs) should be used in an effective adherence and self-management\u2013promoting mHealth solution for any chronic illness. Reviewing the extant literature to identify effective, cross-cutting BCTs in mHealth interventions for adherence and self-management promotion could help accelerate the development, evaluation, and dissemination of behavior change interventions with potential generalizability across complex medical conditions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to identify cross-cutting, mHealth-based BCTs to incorporate into effective mHealth adherence and self-management interventions for people with complex medical conditions, by systematically reviewing the literature across chronic medical conditions with similar adherence and self-management demands.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A registered systematic review was conducted to identify published evaluations of mHealth adherence and self-management interventions for chronic medical conditions with complex adherence and self-management demands. The methodological characteristics and BCTs in each study were extracted using a standard data collection form.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 122 studies were reviewed; the majority involved people with type 2 diabetes (28\/122, 23%), asthma (27\/122, 22%), and type 1 diabetes (19\/122, 16%). mHealth interventions rated as having a positive outcome on adherence and self-management used more BCTs (mean 4.95, SD 2.56) than interventions with no impact on outcomes (mean 3.57, SD 1.95) or those that used >1 outcome measure or analytic approach (mean 3.90, SD 1.93;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.02). The following BCTs were associated with positive outcomes: self-monitoring outcomes of behavior (39\/59, 66%), feedback on outcomes of behavior (34\/59, 58%), self-monitoring of behavior (34\/59, 58%), feedback on behavior (29\/59, 49%), credible source (24\/59, 41%), and goal setting (behavior; 14\/59, 24%). In adult-only samples, prompts and cues were associated with positive outcomes (34\/45, 76%). In adolescent and young adult samples, information about health consequences (1\/4, 25%), problem-solving (1\/4, 25%), and material reward (behavior; 2\/4, 50%) were associated with positive outcomes. In interventions explicitly targeting medicine taking, prompts and cues (25\/33, 76%) and credible source (13\/33, 39%) were associated with positive outcomes. In interventions focused on self-management and other adherence targets, instruction on how to perform the behavior (8\/26, 31%), goal setting (behavior; 8\/26, 31%), and action planning (5\/26, 19%) were associated with positive outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n To support adherence and self-management in people with complex medical conditions, mHealth tools should purposefully incorporate effective and developmentally appropriate BCTs. A cross-cutting approach to BCT selection could accelerate the development of much-needed mHealth interventions for target populations, although mHealth intervention developers should continue to consider the unique needs of the target population when designing these tools.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/49024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T20:13:25Z","timestamp":1708978405000},"page":"e49024-e49024","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cross-Cutting mHealth Behavior Change Techniques to Support Treatment Adherence and Self-Management of Complex Medical Conditions: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0908-1252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyd K","family":"Eaton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6423-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"McWilliams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5269-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Yablon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2140-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irem","family":"Kesim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3612-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8451-8217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karissa","family":"Mirus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1296-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeera","family":"Sconiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7080-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred","family":"Donkoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7302-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4698-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2306-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Leigh","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7981-205X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Muther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4052-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela R","family":"Oates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7088-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghana","family":"Sathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3356-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory S","family":"Sawicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6292-2516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn","family":"Snell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6892-3512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Riekert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"WHO Global Observatory for eHealth. mHealth: new horizons for health through mobile technologies: second global survey on eHealth. 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