{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:55:00Z","timestamp":1782842100324,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Hum Factors"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The extant literature suggests that women are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and at higher risk for developing long COVID. Due to pandemic mitigation recommendations, social media was relied upon for various aspects of daily life, likely with differences of usage between genders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to explore the role and functions of social media in the lives of long-hauler women.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Participants were purposively snowball-sampled from an online health promotion intervention for long-hauler women with COVID-19 from March to June 2021. During this time, one-on-one, semistructured interviews were conducted online until data saturation was agreed to have been achieved (ie, 15 interviews). Interview transcripts and field notes were analyzed using an emergent, inductive approach.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n In total, 15 women were enrolled. The main roles of social media included facilitating support group participation, experience sharing, interpersonal connections, and media consumption. Emergent themes demonstrated that participants rely on social media to fulfill needs of emotional support, social engagement, spirituality, health planning, information gathering, professional support, and recreationally for relaxation. As long-hauler women turn to social media to discuss symptom and health management as well as the intention to vaccinate, this study demonstrates both the associated benefits (ie, decreased isolation) and challenges (ie, misinformation, rumination, resentment, jealousy).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The public health implications of these findings support the development of gender-tailored health promotion interventions that leverage the benefits of social media, while mitigating the negative impacts, for women with long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/50443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]],"date-time":"2024-02-18T15:29:10Z","timestamp":1708270150000},"page":"e50443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Role of Social Media in the Experiences of COVID-19 Among Long-Hauler Women: Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2569-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camryn","family":"Garrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4088-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atefeh","family":"Aghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9808-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1834-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35333\/jrp.2020.215"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.250.271"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"COVID-19 and your healthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention2024-05-01https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mpj37sp8"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Advice for the public: coronavirus disease (COVID-19)World Health Organization2024-05-01https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/ys6r622x"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention2024-05-01https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/ysa769wc"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"COVID data trackerCenters for Disease Control and Prevention2024-05-01https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"United States of America: WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard with vaccination dataWorld Health Organization2024-07-01https:\/\/covid19.who.int"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7121e1"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Post-COVID conditionsCenters for Disease Control and Prevention2024-07-01https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/yc5x7e78"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00343552211060014"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.19719"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00880"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6930e1"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Nearly One in Five American Adults Who Have Had COVID-19 Still Have \"Long COVID\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention2024-10-31https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2022\/20220622.htm"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.002"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738221125632"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"The sex, gender and COVID-19 projectGlobal Health 50\/502024-05-01https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2h3asj2k\/"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/gm-07-2020-0236"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/ijph.v51i1.8297"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01410768211032850"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n829"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Mobile fact sheet. Fact sheets: tech adoption trendsPew Research Center2024-05-01https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/ye5yzd4d"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Computer and internet use in the United States: 2018U.S. Census Bureau2024-05-01https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/5746fjpd"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192113969"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"ParkerKHorowitzJMMinkinRHow the coronavirus outbreak has \u2013 and hasn\u2019t \u2013 changed the way Americans workPew Research Center20201292024-05-01https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2setyh4b"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113426"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076211059649"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031034"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55319\/js.v1i1.9"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6369-6"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Changes in internet use when coping with stress: older adults during the COVID-19 pandemicElsevier Enhanced Reader2024-05-01https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32771312\/"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2975"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2021.1995958"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721417730833"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.004"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2017.01.004"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"SPercentage of adults in the United States who use social networks as of February 2021, by genderStatista20192024-05-01https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/471345\/us-adults-who-use-social-networks-gender\/"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Video conferencing, web conferencing, webinars, screen sharingZoom2024-07-01https:\/\/us06web.zoom.us\/"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Otter.ai2024-01-31https:\/\/otter.ai\/"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"xvi, 184","author":"Boyatzis, RE","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis and code development"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690600500107"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"All-in-one qualitative data analysis softwareMAXQDA2024-07-01https:\/\/www.maxqda.com\/qualitative-data-analysis-software"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0260-6917(91)90009-y"},{"key":"ref46","author":"Polit, DF","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nursing research: principles and methods"},{"key":"ref47","author":"Corbin, J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Fourth edition"},{"key":"ref48","author":"Krippendorff, K","year":"2019","journal-title":"Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology. Fourth edition"},{"key":"ref49","author":"Padgett, DK","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qualitative methods in social work research. Third edition"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000346818"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22500"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-00734-7"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102268"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2020.05.009"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011652.pub2"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07816-7"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ripppo.2022.639"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12226"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2020.1832097"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20186"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm.2020.04.195"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa758"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2021.07.011"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/39582"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557214"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2740908.2743049"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094393"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-015-0236-7"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000512793"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0144686x15000677"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114674"}],"container-title":["JMIR Human Factors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e50443","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:33:15Z","timestamp":1782840795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e50443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"references-count":72,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/50443","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.50443","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2292-9495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2292-9495","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]}}}