{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:58:54Z","timestamp":1782842334580,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 80% of primary school children in the United States and Europe experience glue ear, which may impair hearing at a critical time for speech acquisition and social development. A web-based app, DigiBel, has been developed primarily to identify individuals with conductive hearing impairment who may benefit from the temporary use of bone-conduction assistive technology in the community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This preliminary study aims to determine the screening accuracy and usability of DigiBel self-assessed air-conduction (AC) pure tone audiometry in adult volunteers with simulated hearing impairment prior to formal clinical validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthy adults, each with 1 ear plugged, underwent automated AC pure tone audiometry (reference test) and DigiBel audiometry in quiet community settings. Threshold measurements were compared across 6 tone frequencies and DigiBel test-retest reliability was calculated. The accuracy of DigiBel for detecting more than 20 dB of hearing impairment was assessed. A total of 30 adults (30 unplugged ears and 30 plugged ears) completed both audiometry tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DigiBel had 100% sensitivity (95% CI 87.23-100) and 72.73% (95% CI 54.48-86.70) specificity in detecting hearing impairment. Threshold mean bias was insignificant except at 4000 and 8000 Hz where a small but significant overestimation of threshold measurement was identified. All 24 participants completing feedback rated the DigiBel test as good or excellent and 21 (88%) participants agreed or strongly agreed that they would be able to do the test at home without help.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study supports the potential use of DigiBel as a screening tool for hearing impairment. The findings will be used to improve the software further prior to undertaking a formal clinical trial of AC and bone-conduction audiometry in individuals with suspected conductive hearing impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/51770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T03:32:40Z","timestamp":1704252760000},"page":"e51770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Initial Validation of Community-Based Air-Conduction Audiometry in Adults With Simulated Hearing Impairment Using a New Web App, DigiBel: Validation Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0350-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sienko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun James","family":"Thirunavukarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2700-7627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya","family":"Kuzmich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2175-8884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World report on hearingWorld Health Organization20212024-01-06Genevahttps:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240020481"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"0502","volume":"2011","author":"Williamson, I","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X688573"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109857"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Child screening programme: hearing (child)UK National Screening Committee2024-01-06https:\/\/view-health-screening-\u200brecommendations.service.gov.uk\/hearing-child\/"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_AJA-14-0065"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20360"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"NHS screening programmes in England: 2020-2021Office for Health Improvement & Disparities20232024-01-06https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/nhs-screening-programmes-annual-report\/nhs-screening-programmes-in-\u200bengland-2020-to-2021"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjinnov-2021-000676"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000317"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Recommended procedure: pure-tone air-conduction and boneconduction threshold audiometry with and without maskingBritish Society of Audiology20182024-01-06https:\/\/www.thebsa.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/OD104-32-Recommended-Procedure-Pure-Tone-Audiometry-August-2018-FINAL-1.pdf"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6339\/jds.201810_16(4).00006"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-019-0385-0"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815593737"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/rehab.6074"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.05.021"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref19","first-page":"S78","volume":"41","author":"Szudek, J","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck 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Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e51770","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:35:55Z","timestamp":1782840955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e51770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/51770","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.51770","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]}}}