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The different forms of nicotine, including salts and freebase nicotine, tobacco-derived nicotine, tobacco-free nicotine, and cooling agents (WS3 and WS23), have brought more choices for vapers along with more ways for e-cigarette manufacturers to advertise false understandings and present a greater threat to vapers\u2019 health. Our work emphasized the products of brands that have gained significant influence recently, which are contributing to severe public health issues. On the other hand, we also discussed in detail the toxicity of e-liquid components and proposed a toxicity mechanism. We also noticed that nicotine and other chemicals in e-liquids promote each other\u2019s negative effects through the oxidative stress and inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB) pathway, a mechanism leading to pulmonary symptoms and addiction. The impact of government regulations on the products themselves, including flavor bans or regulations, has been limited. 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