{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T09:56:10Z","timestamp":1784627770413,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Recent advancements in sports medicine have been fueled by innovative technologies, particularly consumer-grade wearable devices like Fitbit, Apple Watch, and Garmin. These devices offer physiological and biomechanical data and hold promise for personalized, real-time, and remote assessment of athlete recovery. However, few studies have been conducted with these devices in adolescent student athletes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of integrating consumer-grade wearable technology into injury recovery monitoring of adolescent student athletes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The study included 34 high school student athletes aged 14\u201018 diagnosed with either concussion or orthopedic injury, enrolled within 10 days of injury. Participants were equipped with a Fitbit Sense for continuous monitoring of physiological markers, including cardiovascular metrics, physical activity levels, and sleep patterns. Data collection extended 4\u20106 weeks beyond injury clearance, during which adherence rates were assessed at both hourly and daily intervals. Hourly adherence was defined as the proportion of participants with at least 1 recorded heart rate data point per hour, while daily adherence was defined as the proportion of participants with at least 1 recorded heart rate data point per 24-hour period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The study demonstrated high participant adherence to wearing the device. The orthopedic injury cohort exhibited a median adherence rate of 95%, with individual rates ranging from 82% to 100%. Similarly, the concussion cohort demonstrated a median adherence rate of 93%, with adherence rates spanning from 37% to 100%. Notably, the study encountered minimal issues related to device functionality, with only 1 participant necessitating a device replacement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n These findings demonstrate successful integration of wearable technology in data collection for adolescent student athletes recovering from sports-related injuries. However, it is important to consider current limitations, including factors that may influence data accuracy and precision. In conclusion, this feasibility study demonstrates the practicality of using consumer-grade wearable technology for the collection of physiological and biomechanical parameters in adolescent student athletes recovering from sport-related injuries. The high level of adherence highlights the potential applicability of consumer-grade wearable devices in this population. Study findings lay the foundation for future investigations with larger and more diverse cohorts to identify the utility of device metrics in identifying unique patterns of injury-specific recovery (ie, sport-related concussion). Consumer-grade wearable devices offer promise for optimizing assessment and management of injured athletes through wearable technology integration into standard clinical protocols.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/54630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T03:51:42Z","timestamp":1709178702000},"page":"e54630-e54630","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Feasibility of Data Collection Via Consumer-Grade Wearable Devices in Adolescent Student Athletes: Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5744-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Ransom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7011-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brant","family":"Tudor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1091-840X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Irani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4138-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5009-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacy","family":"Suskauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1157-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P Patrick","family":"Mularoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6856-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Ahumada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3434","article-title":"Academic effects of concussion in children and adolescents","volume":"135","author":"Ransom","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000817","article-title":"Mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: detection, management, effect on performance, and prevention: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement","volume":"30","author":"Chang","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001140","article-title":"Influence of personal and injury-related factors predicting deficits in quality of life domains among pediatric athletes: findings from the sport concussion outcomes in pediatrics study","volume":"33","author":"Valovich McLeod","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2853","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline on the diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injury among children","volume":"172","author":"Lumba-Brown","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107127","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport\u2013Amsterdam, October 2022","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21622965.2024.2317307","article-title":"Retracted article: psychological resilience, emotional symptoms, and recovery duration in adolescent sport-related concussion","author":"Nahman","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.069526","article-title":"Long-term health outcomes of youth sports injuries","volume":"44","author":"Maffulli","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200603000-00009","article-title":"Sports-related injuries in the United States: who gets care and who does not","volume":"16","author":"Gutierrez","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-018-0159-6","article-title":"Injuries in girls\u2019 soccer and basketball: a comparison of high schools with and without athletic trainers","volume":"5","author":"Pierpoint","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231186430","article-title":"Predicting time to evaluation after pediatric concussion: factors affecting specialty concussion care","volume":"11","author":"Wingerson","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2021.1985101","article-title":"Pediatric mTBI during the COVID-19 pandemic: considerations for evaluation and management","volume":"28","author":"Ransom","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221135771","article-title":"Optimizing concussion care seeking: a longitudinal analysis of recovery","volume":"51","author":"Schmidt","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094322","article-title":"Protecting the health of the @hlete: how online technology may aid our common goal to prevent injury and illness in sport","volume":"49","author":"Verhagen","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.221531","article-title":"Emerging quantitative imaging techniques in sports medicine","volume":"308","author":"Hayashi","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/42359","article-title":"Accuracy and systematic biases of heart rate measurements by consumer-grade fitness trackers in postoperative patients: prospective clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Helmer","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.08.008","article-title":"Wearable technologies for health research: opportunities, limitations, and practical and conceptual considerations","volume":"113","author":"Roos","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9157","article-title":"Using fitness trackers and smartwatches to measure physical activity in research: analysis of consumer wrist-worn wearables","volume":"20","author":"Henriksen","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04951-1","article-title":"Wearable activity trackers-advanced technology or advanced marketing?","volume":"122","author":"Shei","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37054","article-title":"Feasibility of conducting long-term health and behaviors follow-up in adolescents: longitudinal observational study","volume":"6","author":"Cucchiaro","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.02.039","article-title":"Machine learning and artificial intelligence in pediatric research: current state, future prospects, and examples in perioperative and critical care","volume":"221S","author":"Lonsdale","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2020.9753","article-title":"Workload a-WEAR-ness: monitoring workload in team sports with wearable technology. a scoping review","volume":"50","author":"Benson","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy082","article-title":"Using wearable technology to predict health outcomes: a literature review","volume":"25","author":"Burnham","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"51","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport\u2014the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016","author":"McCrory","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106682","article-title":"Clinical recovery from concussion-return to school and sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Putukian","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14368","article-title":"Engagement and participant experiences with consumer smartwatches for health research: longitudinal, observational feasibility study","volume":"8","author":"Beukenhorst","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"4","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15704","article-title":"Comparing the usability and acceptability of wearable sensors among older Irish adults in a real-world context: observational study","volume":"8","author":"Keogh","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"8","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2301913","article-title":"Wearable digital health technology for epilepsy","volume":"390","author":"Donner","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277848","article-title":"Can resting heart rate explain the heart rate and parasympathetic responses during rest, exercise, and recovery?","volume":"17","author":"Garcia","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285272","article-title":"Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: the Fenland Study","volume":"18","author":"Gonzales","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001284","article-title":"Variable accuracy of wearable heart rate monitors during aerobic exercise","volume":"49","author":"Gillinov","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"8","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.05.003","article-title":"The emerging role of wearable technologies in detection of arrhythmia","volume":"34","author":"Cheung","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.11.120","article-title":"Accuracy of wrist-worn heart rate monitors for rate control assessment in atrial fibrillation","volume":"300","author":"Al-Kaisey","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31829b5b44","article-title":"Exercise standards for testing and training: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"128","author":"Fletcher","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092538","article-title":"The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"48","author":"Lauersen","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106676","article-title":"Rest and exercise early after sport-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Leddy","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e503","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005250","article-title":"Objective activity parameters track patient-specific physical recovery trajectories after surgery and link with individual preoperative immune states","volume":"277","author":"Fallahzadeh","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18694","article-title":"Reliability and validity of commercially available wearable devices for measuring steps, energy expenditure, and heart rate: systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Fuller","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"14","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922816681603","article-title":"Sleep disturbance following concussion is a risk factor for a prolonged recovery","volume":"56","author":"Bramley","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2022.03.006","article-title":"Sleep and athletic performance: impacts on physical performance, mental performance, injury risk and recovery, and mental health: an update","volume":"17","author":"Charest","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001947","article-title":"Wearable sleep technology in clinical and research settings","volume":"51","author":"de Zambotti","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa170","article-title":"A standardized framework for testing the performance of sleep-tracking technology: step-by-step guidelines and open-source code","volume":"44","author":"Menghini","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["JMIR Formative Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e54630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:41:34Z","timestamp":1782841294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e54630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/54630","relation":{},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"article-number":"v9i6e54630"}}