{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:45:54Z","timestamp":1782845154443,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Little is known about women\u2019s decisions around toileting for urination and how those decisions influence moment-to-moment behaviors to manage bladder needs. The new smartphone app \u201cWhere I Go\u201d captures such nuanced and granular data in real-world environments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to describe participant engagement with \u201cWhere I Go\u201d, variation in novel parameters collected, and readiness for the data collection tool\u2019s use in population-based studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \u201cWhere I Go\u201d has three components: (1) real-time data, (2) short look-back periods (3\u20104 h), and (3) event location (GPS recorded at each interaction). The sample size was 44 women. Recording of real-time toileting events and responding to look-back questions was measured over 2 days of data collection. The participant\u2019s self-entered location descriptions and the automatic GPS recordings were compared.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 44 women with an average age of 44 (range 21-85) years interacted with the app. Real-time reporting of at least 1 toileting event per day was high (38\/44, 86%, on day 1 and 40\/44, 91%, on day 2) with a median of 5 (IQR 3-7 on day 1 and IQR 3-8 on day 2) toileting events recorded each day. Toileting most commonly occurred at home (85\/140, 61%, on day 1 and 129\/171, 75%, on day 2) due to a need to go (114\/140, 66%, on day 1 and 153\/171, 74%, on day 2). The most common reasons for delaying toileting were \u201cwork duties\u201d (33\/140, 21%, on day 1 and 21\/171, 11%, on day 2) and \u201cerrands or traveling\u201d (19\/140, 12%, on day 1 and 19\/171, 10%, on day 2). Response to at least 1 look-back notification was similarly high (41\/44, 93%, on day 1 and 42\/44, 95%, on day 2), with number of responses higher on average on day 2 compared with day 1 (mean on day 1=3.2, 95% CI 3.0-3.5; mean on day 2=4.3, 95% CI 3.9-4.7;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001). Median additional toileting events reported on the look-back survey were 1 (IQR 1-2) and 2 (IQR 1-2) on days 1 and 2, respectively. Overall concordance between self-reported location recording and GPS was 76% (188\/247). Participants reported lower urge ratings when at home versus away when reporting real-time toileting (median rating 61, IQR 41-84 vs 72, IQR 56-98), and daily fluid intake showed a small to medium positive correlation with toileting frequency (day 1\n r<\/jats:italic>\n =0.3, day 2\n r<\/jats:italic>\n =0.24). Toileting frequency reported in \u201cWhere I Go\u201d showed a small positive correlation with the frequency item from the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n =0.31 with day 1 toileting frequency and\n r<\/jats:italic>\n =0.21 with day 2 toileting frequency).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \u201cWhere I Go\u201d has potential to increase the understanding of factors that affect women\u2019s toileting decisions and long-term bladder health. We anticipate its use as a data collection tool in population-based studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/56533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T22:02:36Z","timestamp":1731276156000},"page":"e56533-e56533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Environmental, Sociocultural, and Physiological Influences on Women\u2019s Toileting Decisions and Behaviors Using \u201cWhere I Go\u201d: Pilot Study of a Mobile App"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5496-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail R","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3069-4069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cora E","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6567-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alayne","family":"Markland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5367-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Smerdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9784-2559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana L","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4613-8107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siobhan","family":"Sutcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1431-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean F","family":"Wyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1785-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa Kane","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4604-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janis M","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.7257\/1053-816X.2017.37.5.251","article-title":"Toileting behaviors in women presenting to a urogynecology clinic","volume":"37","author":"Willis-Gray","journal-title":"UNJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2018.06.004","article-title":"Urologic evaluation and management of pediatric kidney transplant patients","volume":"45","author":"Palmer","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2021.100052","article-title":"Toileting behaviors and lower urinary tract symptoms: a cross-sectional study of diverse women in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Newman","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23299","article-title":"Results of an innovative bulking agent in patients with stress urinary incontinence who are not optimal candidates for mid-urethral sling surgery","volume":"37","author":"Kowalik","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.08.038","article-title":"Women with overactive bladder exhibit more unhealthy toileting behaviors: a cross-sectional study","volume":"134","author":"Daily","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3182159cc7","article-title":"Development and validation of an instrument to assess women\u2019s toileting behavior related to urinary elimination: preliminary results","volume":"60","author":"Wang","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Mobile fact sheet. 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