{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T05:54:16Z","timestamp":1791611656362,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Adolescent substance use disorder is a pressing public health issue, with increasing prevalence as individuals age. Social media platforms like Reddit (Reddit Inc) serve as significant venues for teenagers to discuss and navigate substance use. Social media platforms, such as Reddit, serve as increasingly important spaces where teenagers discuss, share, and navigate their experiences with substance use, presenting unique opportunities and challenges for understanding and addressing this issue.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to explore how teenagers frame substance-use discussions on the r\/teenagers subreddit, focusing on their personal interpretations, causal attributions, and the social and psychological contexts that shape these online support groups. By identifying these interpretive frames, we aimed to better understand the complex drivers of adolescent substance use behavior and their potential interventions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Using natural language processing techniques, we analyzed 32,674 substance use\u2013related posts from 2018 to 2022. A framing approach was used to identify and categorize prevalent themes, supplemented by emotional profiling using the EmoLLaMA-chat-13B model developed by Liu and colleagues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n In total, 7 primary frames emerged: normalization, risk awareness, social integration, autonomy and rebellion, coping mechanisms, media influence, and stigmatization. These frames varied in prevalence and were associated with distinct emotional profiles, highlighting the complex interplay between substance use and adolescent experiences. We observed that, for example, the normalization frame was often associated with a mix of sadness and anxiety, while the coping frame exhibited elevated levels of anger, sadness, and anxiety. These distinctive emotional landscapes associated with each frame reveal unique insights into the mental state of adolescents navigating substance use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of adolescent substance-use discussions on social media. Interventions must address underlying emotional and social factors as well as identity to effectively mitigate substance use disorder among adolescents. By understanding the frames teenagers use to interpret substance use, we can pave the way for more effective and personalized public health campaigns, and support services designed to resonate with adolescents\u2019 unique lived experiences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/59338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T13:27:19Z","timestamp":1734355639000},"page":"e59338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Teenager Substance Use on Reddit: Mixed Methods Computational Analysis of Frames and Emotions"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2596-8136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-3696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2852-5776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deric R","family":"Kenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1895-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoming","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"MiechRJohnstonLPatrickMO'MalleyPBachmanJSchulenbergJMonitoring the future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2022: secondary school studentsInstitute for Social Research20232024-01-25https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED604018"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"PatrickMMiechRJohnstonLO?MalleyPMonitoring the future panel study annual report: national data on substance use among adults ages 19 to 65, 1976-2023Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan20242025-01-28https:\/\/monitoringthefuture.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/mtfpanel2023.pdf"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Branca VerganoLMonesiMVicentiGBizzocaDSolarinoGMorettiBKey substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2022 national survey on drug use and healthSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration20202025-01-28https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/rpt42731\/2022-nsduh-nnr.pdf"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2023.2181036"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.759005"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/48905"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00160-2"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-019-00130-0"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1402309"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108672"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"GauthierRPCostelloMJWallaceJR\u201cI Will Not Drink With You Today\u201d: a topic-guided thematic analysis of addiction recovery on reddit2022CHI '22: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsApril 29 to May 5, 2022New Orleans, LA117"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-68790-8_2"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280337"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/45267"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-03893-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","first-page":"31","volume":"20","author":"Rather, Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci': MJMS"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2021.1886411"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1205285"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16191"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500065"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.26.1.611"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2020.1862396"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"r\/teenagersReddit2025-01-28https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/teenagers\/"},{"key":"ref25","author":"Goffman, E","year":"1974","journal-title":"Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2010.01385.x","volume":"36","author":"Zhao, X","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Commun Res"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"MendelsohnJHow framing influences public opinion in Twitter and the real world: a case study of immigration using NLPGitHub20192025-01-28https:\/\/juliamendelsohn.github.io\/GRFP_Research_Statement_2019.pdf"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051211019004"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.1372"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840714554397"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118x13491973"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.790704"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2012.704990"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","first-page":"108","volume":"5","author":"Lewallen, J","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Social Media in Society"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2008.00622.x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2017.1411994"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6237.2011.00822.x"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-023-00745-z"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Reddit comments\/submissions 2005-06 to 2022-12Internet Archive2024-02-22https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/pushshift_reddit_200506_to_202212"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16020"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab461"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637528.3671552"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720940562"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202401_35085"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2727"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073432"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v92i6.12377"},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"ChatGPTOpenAI2025-02-18https:\/\/chatgpt.com\/"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e59338","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:53:08Z","timestamp":1785851588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e59338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/59338","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.59338","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]}}}