{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:30:56Z","timestamp":1790220656936,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Dermatol"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Student-run clinics (SRCs) for dermatology hold potential to significantly advance skin-related health equity, and a comprehensive analysis of these clinics may inform strategies for optimizing program effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n We aimed to perform a scoping review of the literature about dermatology SRCs across the United States.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted systematic literature searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Scopus on March 1, 2023, and June 19, 2024. No date, language, or paper-type restrictions were included in the search strategy. A total of 229 references were uploaded to Covidence for screening by 2 independent reviewers (SK and LL), and 23 full-text documents were assessed for eligibility. After an additional 8 documents were identified through a gray literature search, a total of 31 studies were included in the final analysis. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies set in an SRC, which was operationally led by medical students and could render condition-relevant treatments to patients, with dermatology care; (2) published in English; (3) within the United States; (4) included characterization of any of the following: logistics, care, patients, or design; and (5) included all study or document types, including gray literature that was not peer reviewed (eg, conference abstracts, preprints, and letters to the editor). Exclusion criteria were (1) papers not published in English and (2) those with duplicated data or that were limited in scope or not generalizable. Data were extracted qualitatively using Microsoft Excel to categorize the studies by several domains, including clinic location, demographics, services offered, and barriers to care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n There are at least 19 dermatology SRCs across the United States. The most common conditions encountered included atopic dermatitis; acne; fungal infections; benign nevi; psoriasis; and neoplasms, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Key facilitators for the clinics included faculty oversight, attending physician participation for biopsy histopathology, and dedicated program coordinators. Major barriers included lack of follow-up, medication nonadherence, and patient no-shows.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Dermatology SRCs serve a diverse patient population, many of whom are underrepresented in traditional dermatology settings. This scoping review provides insights to help build stronger program foundations that better address community dermatologic health needs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/59368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T16:16:07Z","timestamp":1734106567000},"page":"e59368-e59368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dermatology in Student-Run Clinics in the United States: Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-231X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Kamat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6614-3763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneesh","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2793-5282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leore","family":"Lavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0402-7828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0670-866X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lily","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0557-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jules B","family":"Lipoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S348411","article-title":"Patient outcomes from student-run health services: an integrative review","volume":"15","author":"Broman","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"6","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004542","article-title":"Student-run free clinics stand at a critical junction between undergraduate medical education, clinical care, and advocacy","volume":"97","author":"Rupert","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/2150131911404239","article-title":"JeffHOPE: the development and operation of a student-run clinic","volume":"2","author":"Hemba","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12304","article-title":"Facilitating access to prenatal care through an interprofessional student-run free clinic","volume":"60","author":"Danhausen","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2017.0113","article-title":"Providing specialty care for the poor and underserved at student-run free clinics in the San Francisco Bay area","volume":"28","author":"Liu","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"11","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2017.03.008","article-title":"Integrating musculoskeletal education and patient care at medical student-run free clinics","volume":"9","author":"McQuillan","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"AAD strategic initiatives target global leadership, volunteerism. Dermatology Times. 2010. URL: https:\/\/www.dermatologytimes.com\/view\/aad-strategic-initiatives-target-global-leadership-volunteerism [Accessed 10-11-2024]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.4984","article-title":"Diversity and career goals of graduating allopathic medical students pursuing careers in dermatology","volume":"159","author":"Gao","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S385709","article-title":"Learning outcomes from participation in student-run health clinics: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Wilson","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"4","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2021.02.004","article-title":"Ophthalmology services at student-run free clinics: a national survey","volume":"113","author":"Okaka","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14675","article-title":"Breast and cervical cancer screening rates in student-run free clinics: a systematic review","volume":"162","author":"Xiao","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"7","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Bonato S . Searching the Grey Literature: A Handbook for Finding Reports, Working Papers, and Unpublished Research. Rowman & Littlefield; 2018."},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2024.106323","article-title":"ChatGPT integration within nursing education and its implications for nursing students: a systematic review and text network analysis","volume":"141","author":"Gunawan","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000050","article-title":"Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews","volume":"13","author":"Peters","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-018-0621-y","article-title":"Utility of social media and crowd-intelligence data for pharmacovigilance: a scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Tricco","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"issue":"3","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2021.0120","article-title":"Dermatologic care for the uninsured West Texas population at a student-run free clinic","volume":"32","author":"Lin","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"2","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2020.1834771","article-title":"Value of Dermatology Nights at a student-run free clinic","volume":"34","author":"Lin","journal-title":"Proc Bayl Univ Med Cent"},{"issue":"3","key":"R19","first-page":"459","volume":"94","author":"Mirza","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14653","article-title":"Continuing patient care to underserved communities and medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic through a teledermatology student-run clinic","volume":"38","author":"Linggonegoro","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.06.078","article-title":"26021 Delivering care for the underserved during COVID-19 through real-time teledermatology, a cross-sectional review of patients at a student-run free clinic in Dallas","volume":"85","author":"Rodriguez","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.079","article-title":"43071 Assessing the impact of volunteer training at dermatology student-run free clinic","volume":"89","author":"Nguyen","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.06.228","article-title":"24982 Evaluation of biopsy management at student-run free clinic","volume":"85","author":"Zhu","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.06.790","article-title":"31937 Pattern of pediatric skin diseases at student-run free clinic","volume":"87","author":"Zhu","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.107","article-title":"13093 Retrospective review of skin cancer findings at student-run free clinic","volume":"83","author":"Zhu","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.06.327","article-title":"25925 Travel burden for free dermatologic care in uninsured and homeless populations","volume":"85","author":"Patel","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.06.804","article-title":"33929 Predominant dermatologic issues in Hispanic patients at student-run free clinic","volume":"87","author":"Papanikolaou","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R28","volume":"1","author":"Altshuler","journal-title":"Free Clinic Research Collective"},{"issue":"3","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.06.236","article-title":"25117 Analysis of cutaneous infections in homeless populations at student-run free clinic","volume":"85","author":"Vu","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.071","article-title":"43199 Analyzing follow-up rates and barriers to care in student-run free clinic","volume":"89","author":"Momin","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.321","article-title":"43091 Psychodermatologic disorders in patient population at student-run free clinic","volume":"89","author":"Nguyen","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.096","article-title":"39999 Breaking barriers in underserved communities and improving health literacy through a student-run free clinic","volume":"89","author":"Zhu","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.25251\/skin.7.5.4","article-title":"Improving medical student confidence performing skin biopsies through an interactive workshop","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen","journal-title":"SKIN J Cutan Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.036","article-title":"Patient satisfaction in dermatologic care delivered by a medical-student-run free clinic","volume":"74","author":"Pyles","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59586\/jsrc.v6i1.150","article-title":"Establishing dermatologic care for the homeless and underserved at a student-run clinic","volume":"6","author":"Teal","journal-title":"J Stud Run Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e128","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.7820","article-title":"Dermatologic education in under-resourced communities: a collaboration with a non-profit and a student-run free health clinic","volume":"23","author":"Campbell","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.7241\/ourd.20172.37","article-title":"Survey of symptomatic dermatologic disease in homeless patients at a shelter-based clinic","volume":"8","author":"Contag","journal-title":"Our Dermatol Online"},{"issue":"3","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D3273052784","article-title":"Characteristics of patients seen at a dermatology free clinic, 2017-2020: a retrospective chart review","volume":"27","author":"Hai","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"6","key":"R39","first-page":"325","volume":"81","author":"Shahriari","journal-title":"Conn Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59586\/jsrc.v7i1.215","article-title":"Addressing dermatologic health disparities: characterization of a free dermatology clinic for an uninsured population","volume":"7","author":"O\u2019Connell","journal-title":"J Stud Run Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5195\/ijms.2022.1086","article-title":"The student dermatology clinic for the underserved: a service-learning model to promote skin health equity","volume":"10","author":"Patel","journal-title":"Int J Med Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59586\/jsrc.v5i1.98","article-title":"24 Years of student-run free clinics: a review of the Community Health Advancement Program (CHAP) dermatology clinic and challenges faced","volume":"5","author":"Dhami","journal-title":"J Stud Run Clin"},{"issue":"11","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31203","article-title":"Dermatological needs in an urban free health care setting","volume":"14","author":"Patel","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R44","unstructured":"Wassef C Keller SE . Assessing skin cancer screening in a student-run healthcare clinic. 2013. URL: https:\/\/assets.bmctoday.net\/practicaldermatology\/pdfs\/PD0613_CF_Screening.pdf [Accessed 10-11-2024]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.188","article-title":"40673 Evaluation of a Monkeypox educational intervention in a LGBTQIA+ student run free clinic","volume":"89","author":"Alfaro","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.307","article-title":"41697 Predominant dermatological conditions in female-to-male transgender patients at pride community clinic","volume":"89","author":"Alfaro","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.585","article-title":"42662 Dermatology for the underserved at a non-profit clinic in Charleston","volume":"89","author":"Barker","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28534","article-title":"Impact of skin biopsy and clinical-pathologic correlation in dermatology inpatient consults","volume":"14","author":"Wells","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R49","unstructured":"American Dermatological Association. Dermatologists taking action to solve the access to care conundrum. Newswise. 2022. URL: https:\/\/www.newswise.com\/articles\/dermatologists-taking-action-to-solve-the-access-to-care-conundrum [Accessed 10-11-2024]"},{"issue":"13","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMpv2113508","article-title":"Pathology of racism\u2014a call to desegregate teaching hospitals","volume":"385","author":"Vinekar","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.07.012","article-title":"Few Medicaid and uninsured patients are accessing dermatologists","volume":"55","author":"Resneck","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5173","article-title":"Insurance acceptance, appointment wait time, and dermatologist access across practice types in the US","volume":"157","author":"Creadore","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.3114","article-title":"Association of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with differences in use of outpatient dermatology services in the United States","volume":"154","author":"Tripathi","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-006-0073-4","article-title":"Medical student-run health clinics: important contributors to patient care and medical education","volume":"22","author":"Simpson","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2017.04.170044","article-title":"Improving efficiency while improving patient care in a student-run free clinic","volume":"30","author":"Lee","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2010.09058","article-title":"Student-run low-income family medicine clinic: controlling costs while providing comprehensive medication management","volume":"50","author":"Dvoracek","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2020.12.018","article-title":"Skin of color lacks representation in medical student resources: a cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Perlman","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754211007430","article-title":"Diversity in dermatology? An assessment of undergraduate medical education","volume":"25","author":"Bellicoso","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-021-01473-x","article-title":"Improving representation of skin of color in a medical school preclerkship dermatology curriculum","volume":"32","author":"Yousuf","journal-title":"Med Sci Educ"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S357743","article-title":"Medical student confidence in diagnosis of dermatologic diseases in skin of color","volume":"15","author":"Shango","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.22454\/FamMed.2024.568265","article-title":"Quantifying the educational value of a student-run free clinic","volume":"56","author":"Mazander","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.06.025","article-title":"Implementation of a dermatology teletriage system to improve access in an underserved clinic: a retrospective study","volume":"77","author":"Chansky","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.043","article-title":"Teledermatology as a tool to improve access to care for medically underserved populations: a retrospective descriptive study","volume":"75","author":"Leavitt","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1089\/tmr.2020.0037","article-title":"Responding to COVID-19: implementing a telemedicine program at a student-run free clinic","volume":"2","author":"Cook","journal-title":"Telemed Rep"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22454\/PRiMER.2020.241619","article-title":"Rapid adoption of telehealth at an interprofessional student-run free clinic","volume":"4","author":"Phan","journal-title":"PRiMER"},{"issue":"1","key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-020-00438-4","article-title":"Implementation of a medical student-run telemedicine program for medications for opioid use disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"17","author":"Castillo","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"3","key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.12788\/cutis.0199","article-title":"The importance of service learning in dermatology residency: an actionable approach to improve resident education and skin health equity","volume":"107","author":"Humphrey","journal-title":"Cutis"}],"container-title":["JMIR Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/derma.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e59368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:32:31Z","timestamp":1785537151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/derma.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e59368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"references-count":67,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/59368","relation":{},"ISSN":["2562-0959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2562-0959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"article-number":"v7i6e59368"}}