{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:45:12Z","timestamp":1785545112245,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Med Educ"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Ophthalmology residents take the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) exam annually, which provides percentile rank for multiple categories and the total score. In addition, ophthalmology residency training programs have multiple subspecialty rotations with defined minimum procedure requirements. However, residents\u2019 surgical volumes vary, with some residents exceeding their peers in specific subspecialty rotations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to identify if there is a difference in OKAP examination scores and surgical volume exposure during ophthalmology residency training between nonfellowship and fellowship applicants and among various subspecialties.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective review of OKAP scores and surgical procedure numbers of graduating residents in an accredited academic ophthalmology residency program in the Midwest United States was conducted. Data were collected from 2012 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 31 residents were identified. Most residents decided to pursue fellowship training upon graduation (20\/31, 65% residents), and the rest chose to practice comprehensive ophthalmology (11\/31, 35% residents). A total of 18\/31 residents had OKAP score reports available. The fellowship group outperformed the nonfellowship group in multiple subsections and the total exam (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.04). Those pursuing fellowship training in glaucoma performed higher on the Glaucoma section (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.004) and the total exam (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.005). Residents pursuing cornea performed higher on nearly all subsections, including External Disease and Cornea (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.02) and the total exam (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.007). The majority of the surgical volume exposure was identical between fellowship and nonfellowship groups. Those who pursued glaucoma fellowship performed more glaucoma filtering and shunting procedures (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.03). Residents going into pediatrics fellowship were primary surgeons in more strabismus cases (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.01), assisted in fewer strabismus cases (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001), and had no difference in the total number of strabismus surgeries.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In our program, residents pursuing fellowship training had higher OKAP scores on multiple sections and the total exam. There was no significant difference in the overall surgical volume averages between fellowship and nonfellowship groups, but few differences existed in subspecialty procedures among fellowship applicants. Larger multicenter studies are needed to clarify the relationship between OKAP scores and ophthalmology fellowship decisions nationwide.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/60940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T08:36:04Z","timestamp":1733128564000},"page":"e60940-e60940","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program Scores and Surgical Volume on Subspecialty Fellowship Application in Ophthalmology Residency: Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4578-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Kay","family":"Hertel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5048-327X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radwan S","family":"Ajlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1756199","article-title":"Trends in cornea fellowship applications and appplicant characteristics: a San Francisco match analysis","volume":"14","author":"Tsou","journal-title":"J Acad Ophthalmol (2017)"},{"issue":"7","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.01.038","article-title":"Factors influencing career choices among graduating ophthalmology residents","volume":"112","author":"Gedde","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.06.008","article-title":"Fellowship match outcomes in the U.S. from 2010 to 2017: analysis of San Francisco match","volume":"218","author":"Zafar","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2015.10.011","article-title":"Trends in subspecialty training by Canadian ophthalmology graduates","volume":"51","author":"Sivachandran","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Secondary ophthalmology fellowship statistics. SF Match. 2022. URL: https:\/\/sfmatch.org\/specialty\/ophthalmology-fellowship\/Statistics [Accessed 21-10-2024]"},{"issue":"5","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.36518\/2689-0216.1382","article-title":"Factors influencing fellowship training among ophthalmology residents: a pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Czyz","journal-title":"HCA Healthc J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715808","article-title":"Factors influencing postgraduate career decisions of ophthalmology residents","volume":"12","author":"Chen","journal-title":"J Acad Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2019.01.005","article-title":"Future ophthalmology practice pattern: a survey of Saudi Board of Ophthalmology residents","volume":"33","author":"Al-Essa","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001239","article-title":"Factors affecting ophthalmology resident choice to pursue neuro-ophthalmology fellowship training","volume":"42","author":"Solomon","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000243474.36213.08","article-title":"Factors affecting the decision to pursue glaucoma fellowship training","volume":"16","author":"Gedde","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"2","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20230111-02","article-title":"In the setting of heightened economic and workforce issues, what are third-year (PGY-4) ophthalmology residents\u2019 perspectives of pediatric ophthalmology?","volume":"60","author":"Lee","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20090101-09","article-title":"A survey of ophthalmology residents\u2019 attitudes toward pediatric ophthalmology","volume":"46","author":"Hasan","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"1","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20191101-01","article-title":"Workforce issues in pediatric ophthalmology","volume":"57","author":"Bernstein","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1637-4","article-title":"Resident and program characteristics that impact performance on the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP)","volume":"19","author":"Zafar","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.047","article-title":"Fellow selection criteria","volume":"116","author":"Kempton","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(88)90176-2","article-title":"The Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP): a personal view","volume":"32","author":"Rubin","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2013.764448","article-title":"Training and oculoplastics: past, present and future","volume":"32","author":"Saleh","journal-title":"Orbit"}],"container-title":["JMIR Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mededu.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e60940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:31:35Z","timestamp":1785537095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mededu.jmir.org\/2024\/1\/e60940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/60940","relation":{},"ISSN":["2369-3762"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2369-3762","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"article-number":"v10i2e60940"}}