{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:10:05Z","timestamp":1787843405920,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Infodemiology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Detrimental effects of misinformation were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Presently, amid Russia\u2019s military aggression in Ukraine, another wave of misinformation is spreading on the web and impacting our daily lives, with many citizens and politicians embracing Russian propaganda narratives. Despite the lack of an objective connection between these 2 societal issues, anecdotal observations suggest that supporters of misinformation regarding COVID-19 (BM-C) have also adopted misinformation about the war in Ukraine (BM-U) while sharing similar media use patterns and political attitudes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a link between respondents\u2019 endorsement of the 2 sets of misinformation narratives, and whether some of the selected factors (media use, political trust, vaccine hesitancy, and belief rigidity) are associated with both BM-C and BM-U.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a survey on a nationally representative sample of 1623 individuals in the Czech Republic. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to identify the relationship between BM-C and BM-U. In addition, multiple linear regression was used to determine associations between the examined factors and both sets of misinformation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We discovered that BM-C and BM-U were moderately correlated (Spearman \u03c1=0.57; P&lt;.001). Furthermore, increased trust in Russia and decreased trust in the local government, public media, and Western allies of the Czech Republic predicted both BM-C and BM-U. Media use indicating frustration with and avoidance of public or mainstream media, consumption of alternative information sources, and participation in web-based discussions indicative of epistemic bubbles predicted beliefs in misinformation narratives. COVID-19 vaccine refusal predicted only BM-C but not BM-U. However, vaccine refusers were overrepresented in the BM-U supporters (64\/161, 39.8%) and undecided (128\/505, 25.3%) individuals. Both beliefs were associated with belief rigidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study provides empirical evidence that supporters of COVID-19 misinformation were susceptible to ideological misinformation aligning with Russian propaganda. Supporters of both sets of misinformation narratives were primarily linked by their shared trust or distrust in the same geopolitical actors and their distrust in the local government.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/62913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T16:33:51Z","timestamp":1737563631000},"page":"e62913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Beliefs in Misinformation About COVID-19 and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine Are Linked: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2883-4712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Grygarov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7451-4173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Havl\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Ad\u00e1mek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0114-7306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Hor\u00e1\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6618-9799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Jur\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1402-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Hlinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8277-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ladislav","family":"Kesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.646394"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1846397"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17430-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01056-1"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.21.287654"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2021.10.002"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157846"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/epi.2018.32"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273172"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2106.05401"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Czech Elves (Cesti Elfove)Monitoring of social media\u20141\/2 May 202120212022-11-07https:\/\/cesti-elfove.cz\/monitor-socialnich-siti\/"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13183222.2020.1841381"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Czech Security Information ServiceAnnual report of Czech Security Information Service for 2021 (Vyrocni zprava 2021)202210172022-11-24https:\/\/www.bis.cz\/public\/site\/bis.cz\/content\/vyrocni-zpravy\/2021-vz-cz-2.pdf"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"European Digital Media ObservatoryFrom the pandemic to the war in Ukraine: One year and a half of countering disinformation20232024-10-20https:\/\/edmo.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/English.pdf"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102390"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/joc\/jqac043"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"MoyWKacperGCOVID-19 effects and Russian disinformation campaignsHomeland Security Affairs20202023-11-20https:\/\/www.hsaj.org\/articles\/16533"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22323\/2.19050202"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01925121231205259"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Czech Elves (Cesti Elfove)Fighters against foreign disinformation campaigns on the Czech internetMonthly Report\u2014February, March, April 20222022-11-08https:\/\/cesti-elfove.cz\/mesicni-report-unor-2022"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. 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