{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:59:01Z","timestamp":1787162341428,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n There are limited options for aerobic exercise options that improve cardiorespiratory fitness and manage cardiometabolic health that are also age-appropriate and suitable for children with mobility disabilities. Children with disabilities require exercise programs that incorporate adapted movements to meet various functional needs, which offer brief training durations to accommodate busy schedules and use remote training methods at home to bypass logistical transportation barriers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study is to test the potential effects and safety of a sprint-intensity arm-exercise interval training program, combined with music and telehealth, on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health in a child with cerebral palsy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This study was a 12-week exercise intervention from pretrial to posttrial for a single child with cerebral palsy (male, age 17 y). The intervention was conducted at the participant\u2019s homes. The participant exercised 3 times per week while following along with YouTube exercise videos. Videos included 4-second maximal sprint bouts followed by periods of rest, which were repeated 30 times during a single exercise session (total of ~2 minutes of maximal exercise). Exercise sessions were supervised by research staff using videoconferencing. Cardiorespiratory fitness was indicated by peak oxygen consumption (pVO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ), which was measured by a portable metabolic cart during a graded exercise test. Cardiometabolic health outcomes included body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan and a cardiometabolic blood profile by a dried blood spot test. Outcomes were descriptively analyzed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The participant achieved a 33.6% increase in pVO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (14.6 to 19.5 mL\/kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n \/min\n \u20131<\/jats:sup>\n ), a 37.8% improvement in blood triglycerides (82 to 51 mg\/dL), and a 15.4% improvement in the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio (6.5 to 5.5). Additionally, he had a 5.9% reduction in body weight (171 to 161 lbs) and a 9.6% reduction in total body fat (61.35 to 55.48 lbs) from the arms, legs, and trunk. The participant experienced no adverse events or problems during the intervention. After completing the program, the participant elicited a maximal intensity of exercise using armbands, as demonstrated through pVO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Sprint-intensity interval training that uses the arms may be safe and potentially effective for enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health in children with physical disabilities. Further research is needed to verify the outcomes of this case report.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/64440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:50:05Z","timestamp":1756374605000},"page":"e64440-e64440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sprint-Intensity Arm Interval Training May Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health Among Children With Mobility Disabilities: Case Report"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0324-6582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Dean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5180-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanvee","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9167-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larsen","family":"Bright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2141-2592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie M","family":"Ellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9488-7030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drew","family":"Sayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-3236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raven","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1860-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drew","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James H","family":"Rimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5464-4720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byron","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00021","article-title":"Cerebral palsy-trends in epidemiology and recent development in prenatal mechanisms of disease, treatment, and prevention","volume":"5","author":"Stavsky","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2019.01.005","article-title":"Prevalence of cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, hearing loss, and blindness, National Health Interview Survey, 2009-2016","volume":"12","author":"McGuire","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"issue":"9","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.03.051","article-title":"Habitual physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with cerebral palsy","volume":"35","author":"Ryan","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14148","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with cerebral palsy","volume":"61","author":"Heyn","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8080473","article-title":"Physical activity in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy","volume":"2017","author":"Waltersson","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"59","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-10-59","article-title":"Use of manual and powered wheelchair in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Rodby-Bousquet","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03729.x","article-title":"Measuring mobility limitations in children with cerebral palsy: content and construct validity of a mobility questionnaire (MobQues)","volume":"52","author":"van Ravesteyn","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14751","article-title":"Leisure-time physical activity interventions for children and adults with cerebral palsy: a scoping review","volume":"63","author":"Lai","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"10298","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01164-8","article-title":"Participation of people living with disabilities in physical activity: a global perspective","volume":"398","author":"Martin Ginis","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000743","article-title":"Current trends in exercise intervention research, technology, and behavioral change strategies for people with disabilities: a scoping review","volume":"96","author":"Lai","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001042","article-title":"Dissimilar physiological and perceptual responses between sprint interval training and high-intensity interval training","volume":"30","author":"Wood","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0000000000000560","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training on fitness and health in youth with physical disabilities","volume":"31","author":"Zwinkels","journal-title":"Pediatr Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0029-x","article-title":"High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis","volume":"43","author":"Buchheit","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1414307","article-title":"A training goal-oriented categorization model of high-intensity interval training","volume":"15","author":"St\u00f6ggl","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v11.i7.171","article-title":"High-intensity interval training for health benefits and care of cardiac diseases - the key to an efficient exercise protocol","volume":"11","author":"Ito","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002748","article-title":"Four-second power cycling training increases maximal anaerobic power, peak oxygen consumption, and total blood volume","volume":"53","author":"Satiroglu","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00426","article-title":"The physiological mechanisms of performance enhancement with sprint interval training differ between the upper and lower extremities in humans","volume":"7","author":"Zinner","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.02.029","article-title":"Bending the arc of exercise and recreation technology toward people with disabilities","volume":"97","author":"Rimmer","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2016.1198240","article-title":"A systematic review of review articles addressing factors related to physical activity participation among children and adults with physical disabilities","volume":"10","author":"Martin Ginis","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/36049","article-title":"Telehealth movement-to-music to increase physical activity participation among adolescents with cerebral palsy: pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Lai","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40708","article-title":"The effects of virtual reality tele-exergaming on cardiometabolic indicators of health among youth with cerebral palsy: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Lai","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"R22","unstructured":"Borg G . Borg\u2019s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales: Human Kinetics. 1998. ISBN: 0-88011-623-4"},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 11th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2021. ISBN: 9781975219208"},{"issue":"3","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2019.1615605","article-title":"Age-based prediction of maximal heart rate in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Cicone","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0b013e328331c555","article-title":"Effect of cardiorespiratory training on aerobic fitness and carryover to activity in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Butler","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101933","article-title":"5-year risk of \u201cadult-onset\u201d chronic diseases during childhood and adolescent transitioning for individuals with cerebral palsy","volume":"29","author":"Whitney","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.032","article-title":"Cardiometabolic morbidity in adults with cerebral palsy and spina bifida","volume":"133","author":"Peterson","journal-title":"Am J Med"}],"container-title":["JMIR Formative Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e64440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:30:27Z","timestamp":1785537027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e64440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/64440","relation":{},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"article-number":"v9i3e64440"}}