{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:50:03Z","timestamp":1785855003899,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Every day, approximately 800 women die from pregnancy-related causes, alongside 2.6 million stillbirths and 2.8 million neonatal deaths annually. Inadequate referral by skilled birth attendants hinders timely access to necessary emergency obstetric care, challenging progress toward the maternal health Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3. The COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted care in low- and middle-income countries, forcing women to rely on traditional birth attendants, thereby affecting the referral system. It is crucial to understand the experiences of both skilled and traditional birth attendants regarding upward referrals in emergency obstetric care to identify barriers and facilitators within these systems in low- and middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to map existing evidence on the experiences of skilled and traditional birth attendants regarding upward referral systems in emergency obstetric care within low- and middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We will conduct a scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute\u2019s methodological framework. Studies will be included if they report on experiences with upward referral in obstetrical emergencies. We will consider studies published in English and French from 2016 to July 2024. The literature search will be conducted in databases including PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete and CINAHL with full text), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Identified citations will be managed using EndNote version 21 (Clarivate Analytics) and Rayyan. Two independent reviewers will screen eligible studies and resolve disagreements through discussion with a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using a validated form and analyzed through content analysis, with findings presented narratively. This protocol aligns with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The review will offer a comprehensive narrative of upward referral systems in obstetrical emergencies, focusing on transitions from traditional birth attendants to health care facilities and from lower to higher levels of health care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The preliminary search was completed in August 2024, and the database search will be conducted within the next 6 months. Findings will be disseminated through medical education conferences and publications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This review contributes a comprehensive narrative of upward referral systems in obstetrical emergencies, aiming to enhance understanding and improve transitions from traditional birth attendants to health care facilities and between different health care levels. It could significantly impact maternal and neonatal care by identifying the referral experiences of both skilled and traditional birth attendants. The insights may inform interventions that integrate traditional birth attendants into health care systems, potentially reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. The results will guide future research aimed at developing a model to improve upward referrals for obstetric emergencies in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n Open Science Framework 4HAVZ; https:\/\/osf.io\/4havz<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)<\/jats:title>\n PRR1-10.2196\/64886<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/64886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T17:19:56Z","timestamp":1733937596000},"page":"e64886","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experiences of Birth Attendants on Upward Obstetric Emergency Referrals in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2512-6379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Final Z","family":"Juqu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7125-2681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia B","family":"Baloyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5628-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther L","family":"Mbobnda Kapche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2253-6354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilma","family":"ten Ham-Baloyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1361-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geldine","family":"Chironda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2729-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zamadonda Nokuthula","family":"Xulu-Kasaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_836_19"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2022.942668"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/hsag.v26i0.1546"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Referral policy for South African health services and referral implementation guidelinesKnowledgeHub20202025-03-13https:\/\/knowledgehub.health.gov.za\/elibrary\/referral-policy-south-african-health-services-and-referral-implementation-guidelines"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20213646","volume":"8","author":"Wanja, T","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-011957"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czz020"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05795-z"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA\/Population DivisionWorld Health Organization20232025-03-13https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240068759"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) classificationWorld Bank20222025-03-13https:\/\/ephconference.eu\/repository\/conference\/2022\/LMICs%20classification%20World%20Bank%202022.pdf"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Sustainable development goals helpdeskFood and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations20152025-03-13https:\/\/www.fao.org\/sustainable-development-goals-helpdesk\/en"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goalsWorld Health Organization20162025-03-13https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565264"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9216500"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2019.03.013"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066910"},{"key":"ref16","year":"2024","journal-title":"Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual: 2024 edition"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"ReferralWorld Health Organization20142025-03-13https:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/child-health\/health-systems\/health-systems\/Referral.html"}],"container-title":["JMIR Research Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2025\/1\/e64886","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:57:45Z","timestamp":1785851865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2025\/1\/e64886"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/64886","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.64886","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1929-0748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1929-0748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]}}}