{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:45:21Z","timestamp":1785545121381,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Hum Factors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ireland is ranked among the most disadvantageous European countries in terms of mental health challenges. Contrary to general health services that primarily focus on diagnosis and treatment, the mental health sector in Ireland deals with highly sensitive psychiatric case notes based on patient-doctor conversations. Such data, therefore, must be collected, analyzed, and stored with an approach customized specifically for psychiatry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study\u2019s objective involves examining the state of data handling practices in the Irish Mental Health Services (MHS), identifying the shortcomings regarding privacy, security, and usability of psychiatric case notes, and proposing an innovative technological solution that addresses most of the surfaced challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted using a comprehensive methodology. Our approach involved a thorough literature review, ethics approval, web-based surveys with mental health professionals as participants, interviews of psychiatrists, interactions with mental health organizations, analysis of inspection reports by the Ireland Mental Health Commission, and comparative evaluation of existing IT solutions. The thoroughness of our adopted research methodology instills confidence in the reliability and validity of our findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study revealed outdated data management, heavy reliance on paperwork resulting in serious repercussions, parallel workload, alarmingly low readability of notes, and a nonviable setup that hinders research and analytical examination. Our survey reported an average score of 4.37 of 10 (SD 1.25) given by participants in terms of technology use. Regarding privacy measures, 75% (n=12) of participants mentioned that staff members are allowed to keep their phones while accessing psychiatric case notes. Similarly, 80% (n=13) of submissions highlighted that multiple staff members can access sensitive notes and patients\u2019 contact information. On the other hand, Mental Health Commission reports showed that their inspections are limited to evaluating physical privacy only. Regarding technological comparative analysis, we observed that conventional IT solutions are vulnerable against cyberattacks and fall short in addressing multiple challenges simultaneously. Therefore, an innovative convergence of different technologies is needed. Our research supports speech-to-text transcription for data collection, interactive artificial intelligence for data analysis, and permissioned blockchain for data storage and retrieval. Our survey participants also estimated the proposed solution to optimize their workload by an average of 35%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Irish MHS seem to be handling psychiatric data under polycrisis circumstances; therefore, a single-dimensional digitization of records would not be sufficient in addressing the wide range of concerns. In addition to highlighting intertwined challenges in Irish psychiatry and validating the need for innovation in data handling practices in Irish MHS, this study culminated in the proposal of an innovative technological solution that offers a significant contribution to a considerably improved, efficient, and compliant service delivery in mental health care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/64919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T11:10:06Z","timestamp":1739531406000},"page":"e64919-e64919","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pursuit of Digital Innovation in Psychiatric Data Handling Practices in Ireland: Comprehensive Case Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7384-7253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana","family":"Zeeshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7070-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Bogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1436-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7460-266X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamoona Naveed","family":"Asghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"The Mental State of the World Report. 2022. URL: https:\/\/mentalstateoftheworld.report\/ [Accessed 16-06-2025]"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796022000312","article-title":"State of Ireland\u2019s mental health: findings from a nationally representative survey","volume":"31","author":"Hyland","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Mental health issues cost State \u20ac8.2bn each year, says Harris. The Irish Times; URL: https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/health\/mental-health-issues-cost-state-8-2bn-each-year-says-harris-1.4001595 [Accessed 08-10-2023]"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Health at a glance: Europe 2022: state of health in the EU cycle. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. URL: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/health\/health-at-a-glance-europe-23056088.htm [Accessed 29-01-2024]"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Bolstering the cybersecurity of the healthcare sector. European Commission. URL: https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/news\/bolstering-cybersecurity-healthcare-sector-2025-01-15_en [Accessed 08-02-2025]"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Data breaches and cyber attacks in Europe in February 2024\u201450,884,709 records breached. IT Governance Europe. Mar 21, 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.itgovernance.eu\/blog\/en\/data-breaches-and-cyber-attacks-in-europe-in-february-2024-50884709-records-breached [Accessed 08-02-2025]"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Ransomware attack forces 100 Romanian hospitals to go offline. Bleeping Computer. URL: https:\/\/www.bleepingcomputer.com\/news\/security\/ransomware-attack-forces-100-romanian-hospitals-to-go-offline\/ [Accessed 08-02-2025]"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Health Service Executive ransomware attack. Wikipedia; 2023. URL: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Health_Service_Executive_ransomware_attack&oldid=1177522371 [Accessed 08-10-2023]"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"'Shocking' hack of psychotherapy records in Finland affects thousands. The Guardian. Oct 26, 2020. URL: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/oct\/26\/tens-of-thousands-psychotherapy-records-hacked-in-finland [Accessed 15-05-2023]"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"McCarthaigh S . Locum GP gave 'sexually motivated' massage to female patient in cork, inquiry told. Irish Examiner. Mar 13, 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.irishexaminer.com\/news\/munster\/arid-41092198.html [Accessed 08-10-2023]"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"High Court orders suspension of psychiatrist over sex-with-patients allegations. Irish Independent. URL: https:\/\/www.independent.ie\/irish-news\/courts\/high-court-orders-suspension-of-psychiatrist-over-sex-with-patients-allegations\/29122901.html [Accessed 08-10-2023]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Chawki","journal-title":"RAIS J Soc Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2020.07.003","article-title":"Security and privacy of electronic health records: concerns and challenges","volume":"22","author":"Keshta","journal-title":"Egyptian Informatics Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26492","article-title":"Implementation of telemental health services before COVID-19: rapid umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"23","author":"Barnett","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-023-01262-1","article-title":"eHealth use on acute inpatient mental health units: implementation processes, common practices, and barriers to use","volume":"50","author":"Bass","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/s41347-023-00339-w","article-title":"The World Psychiatric Association telepsychiatry global guidelines","volume":"9","author":"Mucic","journal-title":"J Technol Behav Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s41347-023-00352-z","article-title":"WPA digitalization in mental health and care: empirical report on action plan and related activities","volume":"9","author":"Ramalho","journal-title":"J Technol Behav Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6955-13-32","article-title":"Assessment of quality in psychiatric nursing documentation\u2014a clinical audit","volume":"13","author":"Instefjord","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000732","article-title":"The same or different psychiatrists for in- and out-patient treatment? A multi-country natural experiment","volume":"29","author":"Giacco","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/09695958.2021.1982719","article-title":"Defence lawyers\u2019 views on and identification of suspect vulnerability in criminal proceedings","volume":"29","author":"Mergaerts","journal-title":"International Journal of the Legal Profession"},{"key":"R21","unstructured":"Upfront with katie hannon [@rteupfront]: 'In ireland, in any sexual offence case - the therapy notes of the victim can be used against them to disprove what they are saying in trial\u2019. solicitor sarah grace outlines why certain processes make the justice system traumatic for survivors of sexual assault. X. Nov 13, 2023. URL: https:\/\/twitter.com\/RTEUpfront\/status\/1724212708231287243 [Accessed 30-01-2024]"},{"key":"R22","unstructured":"HQ TP: medical dictation, speech recognition & transcription software. T-Pro. URL: https:\/\/info.tpro.io [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264255","article-title":"\u201cWhat\u2019s the best way to document information concerning psychiatric patients? I just don\u2019t know\u201d\u2014a qualitative study about recording psychiatric patients notes in the era of electronic health records","volume":"17","author":"Chivilgina","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"R24","unstructured":"Mental Health Commission Ireland. Mental Health Commission. URL: https:\/\/www.mhcirl.ie\/ [Accessed 30-01-2024]"},{"key":"R25","unstructured":"Mental Health Commission publishes nine inspection reports for seven approved centres. Mental Health Commission. URL: https:\/\/www.mhcirl.ie\/news\/mental-health-commission-publishes-nine-inspection-reports-seven-approved-centres [Accessed 30-01-2024]"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.02.018","article-title":"An exhaustive survey on security and privacy issues in Healthcare 4.0","volume":"153","author":"Hathaliya","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitura J . Digital note-taking for writing. In: Kruse O Rapp C Anson CM et al, editors. Digital Writing Technologies in Higher Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. Springer International Publishing; 2023. [doi: 10.1007\/978-3-031-36033-6_7]","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36033-6_7"},{"key":"R28","unstructured":"Carepatron medical dictation. Carepatron. URL: https:\/\/www.carepatron.com\/medical-dictation [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R29","unstructured":"VoiceboxMD software for psychiatrists. VoiceboxMD. URL: https:\/\/voiceboxmd.com\/medical-dictation\/psychiatrist\/ [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R30","unstructured":"Mentalyc. URL: https:\/\/www.mentalyc.com\/ [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R31","unstructured":"Athreon psychology. Athreon. URL: https:\/\/www.athreon.com\/healthcare\/medical-specialties\/psychology\/ [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R32","unstructured":"Transcription City. URL: https:\/\/transcriptioncity.co.uk\/ [Accessed 07-08-2023]"},{"key":"R33","unstructured":"AI-powered progress notes. Upheal. URL: https:\/\/www.upheal.io\/ [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R34","unstructured":"Amazon Web Services, Inc. URL: https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/transcribe\/ [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R35","unstructured":"AssemblyAI. URL: https:\/\/www.assemblyai.com\/ [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R36","unstructured":"Wav2Letter. GitHub. URL: https:\/\/github.com\/flashlight\/wav2letter [Accessed 07-08-2023]"},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"DeepSpeech. GitHub. URL: https:\/\/github.com\/mozilla\/DeepSpeech [Accessed 07-08-2023]"},{"key":"R38","unstructured":"SpeechBrain. GitHub. URL: https:\/\/github.com\/speechbrain\/speechbrain [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R39","unstructured":"How to convert voice to text using JavaScript. AssemblyAI. Mar 8, 2022. URL: https:\/\/www.assemblyai.com\/blog\/voice-to-text-javascript\/ [Accessed 07-08-2023]"},{"key":"R40","unstructured":"IBM Watson Speech to Text. IBM. URL: https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/products\/speech-to-text [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R41","unstructured":"OpenAI Platform. URL: https:\/\/platform.openai.com [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R42","unstructured":"Transcribe API. Google Cloud. URL: https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/speech-to-text\/docs\/transcribe-api [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"key":"R43","unstructured":"Speech-to-text AI for healthcare providers. Intel. URL: https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/developer\/articles\/reference-kit\/ai-transcription-for-behavioral-health.html [Accessed 06-08-2023]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-023-01309-3","article-title":"Leveraging novel technologies and artificial intelligence to advance practice-oriented research","volume":"51","author":"Atzil-Slonim","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-020-01065-8","article-title":"Improving mental health services: a 50-year journey from randomized experiments to artificial intelligence and precision mental health","volume":"47","author":"Bickman","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-020-01056-9","article-title":"Can artificial intelligence improve psychotherapy research and practice?","volume":"47","author":"Horn","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012070","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/551\/1\/012070","article-title":"A review on sentiment analysis techniques and applications","volume":"551","author":"Ridzwan Yaakub","journal-title":"IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2022.02.005","article-title":"Unsupervised automatic speech recognition: a review","volume":"139","author":"Aldarmaki","journal-title":"Speech Commun"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113679","article-title":"Automatic text summarization: a comprehensive survey","volume":"165","author":"El-Kassas","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kryscinski W McCann B Xiong C Socher R . Evaluating the factual consistency of abstractive text summarization. arXiv. Preprint posted online on Oct 29, 2019. [doi: 10.48550\/arXiv.1910.12840]","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.750"},{"issue":"3","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-021-02164-0","article-title":"Integration of Healthcare 4.0 and blockchain into secure cloud-based electronic health records systems","volume":"13","author":"Mahajan","journal-title":"Appl Nanosci"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7516035","article-title":"eHealth cloud security challenges: a survey","volume":"2019","author":"Al-Issa","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2969881","article-title":"A systematic review of blockchain in healthcare: frameworks, prototypes, and implementations","volume":"8","author":"Chukwu","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"R54","unstructured":"What is Ethereum? Ethereum. URL: https:\/\/ethereum.org [Accessed 02-07-2023]"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeeshan R Tal I . Technical usability assessment of security analysis tools for ethereum based smart contracts. Presented at: 2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability, and Security Companion (QRS-C); Dec 5-9, 2022:87-95; Guangzhou, China. [doi: 10.1109\/QRS-C57518.2022.00021]","DOI":"10.1109\/QRS-C57518.2022.00021"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Androulaki E Barger A Bortnikov V et al. Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. Presented at: Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference EuroSys \u201918; Apr 23-26, 2018:1-15; Porto, Portugal. [doi: 10.1145\/3190508.3190538]","DOI":"10.1145\/3190508.3190538"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Z . Comparison of hyperledger fabric and ethereum blockchain. Presented at: 2022 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers (IPEC); Apr 14-16, 2022:584-587; Dalian, China. [doi: 10.1109\/IPEC54454.2022.9777292]","DOI":"10.1109\/IPEC54454.2022.9777292"}],"container-title":["JMIR Human Factors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e64919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:30:04Z","timestamp":1785537004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e64919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/64919","relation":{},"ISSN":["2292-9495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2292-9495","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"article-number":"v12i1e64919"}}