{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:29:21Z","timestamp":1792708161981,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Hum Factors"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Problem gambling and gambling disorder cause severe social, psychiatric, and financial consequences, and voluntary self-exclusion is a common harm reduction tool used by individuals with gambling problems.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to explore users\u2019 experience of a novel nationwide, multioperator gambling self-exclusion service, \u201cSpelpaus,\u201d in Sweden and to inform stakeholders and policy makers in order to improve harm reduction tools against gambling problems.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 individuals who reported self-perceived gambling problems and who had experience of having used the self-exclusion service Spelpaus in Sweden. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed through qualitative content analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n We identified 3 categories and 8 subcategories. The categories were (1) reasons for the decision to self-exclude, (2) positive experiences, and (3) suggestions for improvement. The subcategories identified a number of reasons for self-exclusion, such as financial reasons and family reasons, and positive experiences described as a relief from gambling; in addition, important suggestions for improvement were cited, such as a more gradual return to gambling post\u2013self-exclusion, better ways to address loopholes in the system, and transfer from self-exclusion to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Voluntary self-exclusion from gambling, using a nationwide multioperator service, remains an appreciated harm-reducing tool. However, transfer from self-exclusion to treatment should be facilitated by policy making, and loopholes allowing for breaching of the self-exclusion need to be counteracted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/66045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T12:00:10Z","timestamp":1736337610000},"page":"e66045","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploring the Users\u2019 Perspective of the Nationwide Self-Exclusion Service for Gambling Disorder, \u201cSpelpaus\u201d: Qualitative Interview Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6704-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Tjernberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2751-6130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Helgesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5800-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"H\u00e5kansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8685-7514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0099-7"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1807"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6755-8"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.992309"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Ministry of FinanceGambling Act (2018:1138)Swedish Gambling Authority2025-01-21https:\/\/www.spelinspektionen.se\/globalassets\/dokument\/engelsk\/oversatt-spellagen\/english-spellagen-sfs-2018_1138-uppdat-sfs-2024_255.pdf"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14083"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-022-10180-0"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1293887"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.06.001"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Exclude yourself from gambling!Spelpaus20242025-01-21https:\/\/www.spelpaus.se\/en#:~:text=This%20is%20where%20you%20can,real%2Dmoney%20gambling%20in%20Sweden.&text=A%20self%2Dexclusion%20via%20Spelpaus,before%20the%20date%20you%20choose"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147367"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.599967"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-023-00822-w"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Spelvanor online 2023 [Online gambling habits 2023]Swedish Gambling Authority2025-01-21https:\/\/www.spelinspektionen.se\/globalassets\/dokument\/statistik\/enkatundersokning\/spelvanor-online-rapport-juli-2023.pdf"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5532259"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370805300108"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9129-9"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/47528"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2023","journal-title":"Swelogs (The Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12103"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2019.100182"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001"},{"key":"ref24","author":"Jacobsen, D","year":"2012","journal-title":"F\u00f6rst\u00e5else, beskrivning och f\u00f6rklaring - Introduktion till samh\u00e4llsvetenskaplig metod f\u00f6r h\u00e4lsov\u00e5rd och socialt arbete"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240x(200008)23:4<334::aid-nur9>3.0.co;2-g"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2021.2002383"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2003.12.005"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9092-x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000765"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14982"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1343733"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.917216"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039125"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.006"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16028"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/33066"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069221105075"}],"container-title":["JMIR Human Factors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e66045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:59:02Z","timestamp":1785851942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e66045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/66045","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.66045","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2292-9495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2292-9495","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]}}}