{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:44:44Z","timestamp":1785545084442,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Accessibility barriers contribute to low participation in center-based cardiac rehabilitation. We developed an innovative, comprehensive, dual-phase telerehabilitation program to address this gap (Smartphone Cardiac Rehabilitation, Assisted Self-Management; SCRAM).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of SCRAM for increasing maximal aerobic exercise capacity (VO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n max).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A multicenter, parallel 2-arm randomized controlled trial recruited clinically stable adults (aged \u226518 y) with diagnosed coronary heart disease at 3 hospitals in Victoria, Australia (Melbourne, Geelong, and Bendigo) from 2018 to 2021. Participants were randomized (1:1), stratified by sex and study site, to receive SCRAM plus usual cardiovascular care (intervention) or usual cardiovascular care alone (control). SCRAM provided 24 weeks of remote exercise supervision, coaching, and behavior change support via smartphone. Usual cardiovascular care included standard medical care and advice to seek a referral to center-based cardiac rehabilitation, which was heavily impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the nature of the treatments, participants were not blinded to allocation; primary outcome assessors and biostatisticians were blinded. The primary outcome was VO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n max at 24 weeks, analyzed on the principle of intention-to-treat, using linear regression adjusted for baseline and stratification factors on multiple imputed data.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Recruitment and data collection were heavily impacted by COVID-19, although SCRAM delivery was sustained throughout. Of 220 required participants, only 123 (56%) were recruited and randomized (intervention n=63, control n=60); 45% (55\/123) had missing VO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n max at 24 weeks\u2014largely due to enforced COVID-19 restrictions. Mean VO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n max at 24 weeks favored SCRAM (26.10, SD 10.72 mL\/kg\/min) over control (24.65, SD 7.87 mL\/kg\/min), but the difference was not statistically significant (mean difference=1.61 mL\/kg\/min, 95% CI \u20131.38 to 4.61,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.28). Among secondary outcomes, patients receiving SCRAM had lower diastolic blood pressure at 24 weeks (mean difference=\u20135.54 mm Hg, 95% CI \u201310.01 to \u20131.06). All reported adverse events (control n=6, intervention n=16) were deemed mild or moderate, with only one deemed as possibly related to treatment. There were no deaths or hospitalizations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This was an underpowered trial, but SCRAM did not lead to a clinically important difference in VO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n max compared to usual cardiac care. SCRAM was resilient to COVID-19\u2013related disruptions that significantly impacted the delivery of cardiac rehabilitation and supervised exercise training in particular. Further research is needed to conclusively assess treatment effects and understand how virtual cardiac rehabilitation can be translated into routine practice to augment center-based delivery and enhance equity of access.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/66074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T06:30:08Z","timestamp":1767940208000},"page":"e66074-e66074","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Smartphone Cardiac Rehabilitation, Assisted Self-Management (SCRAM) Versus Usual Care: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8564-5518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Maddison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8752-2244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narayan","family":"Subedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0782-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peixuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9782-8450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen E","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2893-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kylie","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7712-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Oldenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4693-0038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5936-9820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A","family":"McNaughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1385-2371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena S","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9734-1140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6890-5250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marj","family":"Moodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3011-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Amerena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0312-3140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Voltaire","family":"Nadurata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4184-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7862-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9755-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan C","family":"Rawstorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.08.015","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023","volume":"86","author":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks 2023 Collaborators","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1278","article-title":"World Heart Federation roadmap for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: 2023 update","volume":"19","author":"Laranjo","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.24776","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines: developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians and Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions","volume":"82","author":"O\u2019Gara","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"23","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e574","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31823ba622","article-title":"2011 ACCF\/AHA\/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions","volume":"124","author":"Levine","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"23","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31823b5fee","article-title":"2011 ACCF\/AHA guideline for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"124","author":"Hillis","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac747","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Dibben","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"20","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.180945","article-title":"Core components of cardiac rehabilitation\/secondary prevention programs: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation","volume":"115","author":"Balady","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-314206","article-title":"Standards and core components for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation","volume":"105","author":"Cowie","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"6","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312449597","article-title":"Secondary prevention in the clinical management of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Core components, standards and outcome measures for referral and delivery: a policy statement from the cardiac rehabilitation section of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. Endorsed by the Committee for Practice Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"21","author":"Piepoli","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.701466","article-title":"Use of cardiac rehabilitation by Medicare beneficiaries after myocardial infarction or coronary bypass surgery","volume":"116","author":"Suaya","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2014.12.008","article-title":"Australian Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Association (ACRA) core components of cardiovascular disease secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation 2014","volume":"24","author":"Woodruffe","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(00)00822-5","article-title":"Program participation, exercise adherence, cardiovascular outcomes, and program cost of traditional versus modified cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"86","author":"Carlson","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.066738","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation attendance and outcomes in coronary artery disease patients","volume":"126","author":"Martin","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2020.1816464","article-title":"Current challenges in cardiac rehabilitation: strategies to overcome social factors and attendance barriers","volume":"18","author":"Chindhy","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313501093","article-title":"Alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Clark","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000738","article-title":"Benefits, facilitators, and barriers of alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Platz","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"issue":"10","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007130.pub5","article-title":"Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"10","author":"McDonagh","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"38","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3714","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf408","article-title":"Standards for cardiac telerehabilitation: a scientific statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions (ACNAP) of the ESC, and the ESC Working Group on e-Cardiology","volume":"46","author":"Scherrenberg","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001150","article-title":"Digital technologies in cardiac rehabilitation: a science advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"148","author":"Golbus","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000656","article-title":"Asynchronous and synchronous delivery models for home-based cardiac rehabilitation: a scientific review","volume":"41","author":"Thomas","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1236","article-title":"The remote exercise monitoring trial for exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (REMOTE-CR): a randomised controlled trial protocol","volume":"14","author":"Maddison","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.5501","article-title":"Remotely delivered exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: design and content development of a novel mHealth platform","volume":"4","author":"Rawstorn","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313189","article-title":"Effects and costs of real-time cardiac telerehabilitation: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial","volume":"105","author":"Maddison","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.06.027","article-title":"End users want alternative intervention delivery models: usability and acceptability of the REMOTE-CR exercise-based cardiac telerehabilitation program","volume":"99","author":"Rawstorn","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R25","unstructured":"The assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. New Zealand Guidelines Group; 2003. URL: https:\/\/www.tewhatuora.govt.nz\/assets\/Publications\/Cardiovascular-Publications\/assessment-and-management-of-cadriovasular-risk.pdf [Accessed 14-02-2026]"},{"issue":"6","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314535076","article-title":"A mobile phone intervention increases physical activity in people with cardiovascular disease: results from the HEART randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Maddison","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2468-z","article-title":"Text4Heart II - improving medication adherence in people with heart disease: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Maddison","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"10","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4944","article-title":"Text message and internet support for coronary heart disease self-management: results from the Text4Heart randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Pfaeffli Dale","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15022","article-title":"Smartphone Cardiac Rehabilitation, Assisted Self-Management versus usual care: protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare effects and costs among people with coronary heart disease","volume":"9","author":"Rawstorn","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.276.8.637","article-title":"Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. the CONSORT statement","volume":"276","author":"Begg","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"Hoffmann","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R32","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM\u2019s Exercise Testing and Prescription. Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2017. ISBN: 1975109120"},{"issue":"6","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199706001-00009","article-title":"Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire","volume":"29","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3714-5","article-title":"Diet quality is associated with obesity and hypertension in Australian adults: a cross sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Livingstone","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R35","unstructured":"Australian Government, Department of Health for clarity. Australian dietary guidelines. National Health and Medical Research Council; 2013. URL: https:\/\/www.nhmrc.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/australian-dietary-guidelines-2013.pdf [Accessed 14-02-2026]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqx002","article-title":"Comparison of self-reported dietary intakes from the Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall, 4-d food records, and food-frequency questionnaires against recovery biomarkers","volume":"107","author":"Park","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.04.016","article-title":"The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall (ASA24): a resource for researchers, clinicians, and educators from the National Cancer Institute","volume":"112","author":"Subar","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"16","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789","article-title":"The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test","volume":"158","author":"Bush","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198601000-00007","article-title":"Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence","volume":"24","author":"Morisky","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-016-1337-z","article-title":"Deriving population norms for the AQoL-6D and AQoL-8D multi-attribute utility instruments from web-based data","volume":"25","author":"Maxwell","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038178","article-title":"Economic evaluation protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial to compare Smartphone Cardiac Rehabilitation, Assisted Self-Management (SCRAM) versus usual care cardiac rehabilitation among people with coronary heart disease","volume":"10","author":"Gao","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.02.006","article-title":"A simple sample size formula for analysis of covariance in randomized clinical trials","volume":"60","author":"Borm","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R43","unstructured":"Income and work: census. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2021. URL: https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/labour\/earnings-and-working-conditions\/income-and-work-census\/2021 [Accessed 03-07-2024]"},{"issue":"4","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(87)90155-3","article-title":"Publication bias and clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Dickersin","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.939","article-title":"Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac rehabilitation delivery around the world","volume":"16","author":"Ghisi","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2022.07.006","article-title":"The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) pandemic and the rapid adoption of telehealth for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs in rural and remote Australia: a multi-method study","volume":"31","author":"Champion","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"3","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2022.12.008","article-title":"Impact of early COVID-19 waves on cardiac rehabilitation delivery in Australia: a national survey","volume":"32","author":"Cartledge","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"8","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/bjca.2023.0035","article-title":"Understanding cardiac rehabilitation delivery in Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons for the future","volume":"18","author":"McHale","journal-title":"Br J Card Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046051","article-title":"How has technology been used to deliver cardiac rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic? An international cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals conducted by the BACPR","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Doherty","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztad080","article-title":"Key features in telehealth-delivered cardiac rehabilitation required to optimize cardiovascular health in coronary heart disease: a systematic review and realist synthesis","volume":"5","author":"Gallegos-Rejas","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Digit Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvae127","article-title":"Stakeholder perceptions of factors contributing to effective implementation of exercise cardiac telerehabilitation in clinical practice","volume":"24","author":"Rawstorn","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2021.12.004","article-title":"Home-based and remote functional exercise testing in cardiac conditions, during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: a systematic review","volume":"115","author":"Hwang","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"38","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191","article-title":"2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes","volume":"44","author":"Byrne","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R54","unstructured":"The BACPR standards and core components for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation 2023. British Cardiovascular Society, British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation; 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.cardiacrehabilitation.org.uk\/site\/docs\/BACPR-Standards-and-Core-Components-2023.pdf [Accessed 14-02-2026]"},{"issue":"5","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuad156","article-title":"Correction to: 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes: developed by the task force on the management of acute coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"13","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2023.06.854","article-title":"A clinical guide for assessment and prescription of exercise and physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation. A CSANZ position statement","volume":"32","author":"Verdicchio","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"3","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2008.01.008","article-title":"Randomized clinical trials and observational studies: guidelines for assessing respective strengths and limitations","volume":"1","author":"Hannan","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"1","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.36155","article-title":"Reporting clinical studies affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: guidelines for authors","volume":"4","author":"Perlis","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["JMIR mHealth and uHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e66074","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:29:08Z","timestamp":1785536948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e66074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/66074","relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-5222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-5222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"article-number":"v14i22e66074"}}