{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:44:39Z","timestamp":1785545079462,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>National and international guidelines advocate for a multimodal approach to treating adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combining pharmacotherapy with psychological interventions. While recent reviews support cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a viable treatment for ADHD in adults, evidence remains limited. Another challenge is the availability of psychological interventions, with stimulants remaining the primary treatment choice for adults with ADHD. One promising approach to increasing access to psychological interventions is the dissemination of internet-delivered CBT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of a guided web-based stress management program specifically designed for working adults with ADHD. The intervention aimed to enhance quality of life by addressing stress, exhaustion, anxiety, and depression, commonly experienced by this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-six participants took part in a single-arm open trial, with assessments before, during, and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of 12 modules based on CBT principles, focusing on executive functioning, stress management, and emotion regulation, with clinician support on demand. Primary and secondary outcomes included quality of life (Adult ADHD Quality of Life Scale [AAQoL]), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS-10]), exhaustion (Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale [KEDS]), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale [GAD-7]), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), and ADHD symptoms (the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale [ASRS]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results indicated a statistically and clinically significant improvement in quality of life (Cohen\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.84), and a reduction in ADHD symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.98), as well as statistically significant reductions in perceived stress (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.83), exhaustion (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      =1.12), anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      =1.70), and depression (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      =1.25). Improvements were sustained at a 12-week follow-up. A clinically significant improvement in quality of life was observed in 36% (13\/36) of participants. Participants reported high satisfaction with the program and the guidance. Adherence was high, with an overall assessment response rate of 84%, a mean of 78% of modules opened, and no explicit dropouts. Twelve of the 36 participants reported negative effects. Qualitative content analysis of participants\u2019 written feedback revealed positive experiences and suggestions for improvement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests promise for web-delivered interventions tailored to the needs of adults with ADHD, pending further research and development in controlled studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/66388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T16:20:27Z","timestamp":1748535627000},"page":"e66388-e66388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Web-Based Stress Management for Working Adults With Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Single-Arm, Open Pilot Trial"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-5351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Oscarsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1914-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Hammarb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2719-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Blom Wiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1019-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Rozental","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1934-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylva","family":"Ginsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Carlbring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4753-6745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4280-4301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"J\u00f6nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.04009","article-title":"The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a global systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Song","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Willcutt EG . Theories of ADHD. In: Barkley RA , editor. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. Guilford Press; 2015:391-404. ISBN: 978-1-4625-1772-5"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001","article-title":"Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD","volume":"56","author":"Kooij","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-67","article-title":"European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: the European Network Adult ADHD","volume":"10","author":"Kooij","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.716","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"163","author":"Kessler","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S155838","article-title":"Estimated prevalence and incidence of diagnosed ADHD and health care utilization in adults in Sweden\u2014a longitudinal population-based register study","volume":"14","author":"Polyzoi","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"11","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04785pur","article-title":"Presenting ADHD symptoms, subtypes, and comorbid disorders in clinically referred adults with ADHD","volume":"70","author":"Wilens","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712459558","article-title":"Perceived Stress and ADHD symptoms in adults","volume":"19","author":"Combs","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12119","article-title":"Fatigue in an adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder population: a trans-diagnostic approach","volume":"56","author":"Rogers","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1112","article-title":"PTSD and ADHD: underlying factors in many cases of burnout","volume":"22","author":"Brattberg","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054710376909","article-title":"Coexisting psychiatric problems and stressful life events in adults with symptoms of ADHD--a large Swedish population-based study of twins","volume":"16","author":"Friedrichs","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152978","article-title":"The relationships between workaholism and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: a large-scale cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Andreassen","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v69n0803","article-title":"Educational and occupational underattainment in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"69","author":"Biederman","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-59","article-title":"Occupational issues of adults with ADHD","volume":"13","author":"Adamou","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02309-z","article-title":"ADHD at the workplace: ADHD symptoms, diagnostic status, and work-related functioning","volume":"128","author":"Fuermaier","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20S","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054711435360","article-title":"Under diagnosis of adult ADHD: cultural influences and societal burden","volume":"16","author":"Asherson","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054719841129","article-title":"Comparison of quality of life, productivity, functioning and self-esteem in adults diagnosed with ADHD and with symptomatic ADHD","volume":"24","author":"Pawaskar","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181bca68c","article-title":"Incremental employee health benefit costs, absence days, and turnover among employees with ADHD and among employees with children with ADHD","volume":"51","author":"Kleinman","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.038448","article-title":"The prevalence and effects of adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the performance of workers: results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative","volume":"65","author":"de Graaf","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003309","article-title":"The prevalence and workplace costs of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a large manufacturing firm","volume":"39","author":"Kessler","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.06.011","article-title":"The economic burden of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a sibling comparison cost analysis","volume":"61","author":"Daley","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"R22","unstructured":"NICE. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. 2018. URL: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg72 [Accessed 21-04-2025]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-020-09794-8","article-title":"Psychological treatments in adult ADHD: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Fullen","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720000069","article-title":"Non-pharmacological interventions for adult ADHD: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Nimmo-Smith","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.24.1.37","article-title":"CBT for adult ADHD: adaptations and hypothesized mechanisms of change","volume":"24","author":"Ramsay","journal-title":"J Cogn Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD","volume":"121","author":"Barkley","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R27","unstructured":"Barkley RA . Etiologies of ADHD. In: Barkley R , editor. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. Guilford Press; 2015:356-390. ISBN: 978-1-4625-1772-5"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersson G Carlbring P . Internet interventions in clinical psychology. In: Comprehensive Clinical Psychology. Elsevier; 2022:194-205. [doi: 10.1016\/B978-0-12-818697-8.00211-9] ISBN: 978-0-12-822232-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818697-8.00211-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21088","article-title":"Therapist-supported Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy yields similar effects as face-to-face therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Hedman-Lagerl\u00f6f","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100553","article-title":"Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral interventions to reduce elevated stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Sv\u00e4rdman","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100636","article-title":"Internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD \u2014a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Nasri","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100614","article-title":"A self-guided internet-delivered intervention for adults with ADHD: Results from A randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Kenter","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"6","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054714539998","article-title":"Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD in outpatient psychiatric care","volume":"21","author":"Pettersson","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2014.11.004","article-title":"Living SMART\u2014a randomized controlled trial of a guided online course teaching adults with ADHD or sub-clinical ADHD to use smartphones to structure their everyday life","volume":"2","author":"Mo\u00ebll","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"1","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04409-w","article-title":"Stress and work-related mental illness among working adults with ADHD: a qualitative study","volume":"22","author":"Oscarsson","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.04.005","article-title":"Psychoeducational groups for adults with ADHD and their significant others (PEGASUS): a pragmatic multicenter and randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Hirvikoski","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.893469","article-title":"A systematic review of interventions to support adults with ADHD at work\u2014implications from the paucity of context-specific research for theory and practice","volume":"13","author":"Lauder","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R38","unstructured":"Oscarsson M . Internet-based stress management for working adults with ADHD: preregistration. Open Science Framework. Feb 2, 2023. URL: https:\/\/osf.io\/u2cdj [Accessed 22-05-2025]"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2016.09.006","article-title":"Features and functionality of the Iterapi platform for internet-based psychological treatment","volume":"6","author":"Vlaescu","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"1","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05162-4","article-title":"A psychometric evaluation of the Swedish translation of the Perceived Stress Scale: a Rasch analysis","volume":"23","author":"Rozental","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05138-4","article-title":"Psychometric and structural properties of the Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale: a 1,072-patient study","volume":"23","author":"Linds\u00e4ter","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-8325-z","article-title":"Validation of the Adult Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder Quality-of-Life Scale (AAQoL): a disease-specific quality-of-life measure","volume":"15","author":"Brod","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291704002892","article-title":"The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population","volume":"35","author":"Kessler","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465819000018","article-title":"The Negative Effects Questionnaire: psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing negative effects in psychological treatments","volume":"47","author":"Rozental","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"issue":"8","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1192","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy vs relaxation with educational support for medication-treated adults with ADHD and persistent symptoms: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"304","author":"Safren","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000023","article-title":"Internet-based cognitive-behavior therapy for procrastination: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Rozental","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073446","article-title":"A cognitive behavioral model proposing that clinical burnout may maintain itself","volume":"18","author":"Alm\u00e9n","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2216-2","article-title":"Effects and clinical feasibility of a behavioral treatment for sleep problems in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a pragmatic within-group pilot evaluation","volume":"19","author":"Jernel\u00f6v","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.007","article-title":"Emotional dysregulation is a primary symptom in adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"232","author":"Hirsch","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-201005000-00011","article-title":"The unique contribution of emotional impulsiveness to impairment in major life activities in hyperactive children as adults","volume":"49","author":"Barkley","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100629","article-title":"Efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for assertiveness: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Hagberg","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.05.015","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for perfectionism including an investigation of outcome predictors","volume":"95","author":"Rozental","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.05.006","article-title":"Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder","volume":"58","author":"Diedrich","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100592","article-title":"\u201cGood job!\u201d: Therapists\u2019 encouragement, affirmation, and personal address in internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with depression","volume":"30","author":"Berg","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"1","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006x.59.1.12","article-title":"Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research","volume":"59","author":"Jacobson","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R58","unstructured":"R core team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 2022. URL: https:\/\/www.R-project.org [Accessed 21-04-2025]"},{"key":"R59","unstructured":"Jamovi. The jamovi project. 2023. URL: https:\/\/jamovi.org [Accessed 21-04-2025]"},{"key":"R60","unstructured":"Gallucci M . GAMLj: general analyses for linear models. 2024. URL: https:\/\/gamlj.github.io [Accessed 21-04-2025]"},{"key":"R61","unstructured":"Kruijt AW . Obtain and plot Jacobson-Truax and reliable change indices. 2019. URL: https:\/\/rdrr.io\/github\/AWKruijt\/JT-RCI\/man\/JTRCI.html [Accessed 23-05-2025]"},{"issue":"9","key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","article-title":"Three approaches to qualitative content analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krippendorff K . Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. SAGE Publications, Inc; 2019. [doi: 10.4135\/9781071878781] ISBN: 978-1-5063-9566-1","DOI":"10.4135\/9781071878781"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100416","article-title":"A self-guided Internet-delivered intervention for adults with ADHD: a feasibility study","volume":"25","author":"Nordby","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2014.08.003","article-title":"The impact of guidance on Internet-based mental health interventions \u2014 A systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Baumeister","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100621","article-title":"A new era in Internet interventions: the advent of Chat-GPT and AI-assisted therapist guidance","volume":"32","author":"Carlbring","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"2","key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2015.03.007","article-title":"The role of \u201con demand\u201d therapist guidance vs. no support in the treatment of tinnitus via the internet: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Rheker","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"3","key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32872\/cpe.11379","article-title":"Scheduled support versus support on demand in internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"K\u00e4ll","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Eur"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.823977","article-title":"Appropriate controls for digital therapeutic clinical trials: a narrative review of control conditions in clinical trials of digital therapeutics (DTx) deploying psychosocial, cognitive, or behavioral content","volume":"4","author":"Lutz","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2015.04.002","article-title":"Who seeks ICBT for depression and how do they get there? Effects of recruitment source on patient demographics and clinical characteristics","volume":"2","author":"Lindner","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"R71","unstructured":"Socialstyrelsen. Diagnostik och l\u00e4kemedelsbehandling vid ADHD [Diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of ADHD]. 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepoint-dokument\/artikelkatalog\/ovrigt\/2023-11-8862.pdf [Accessed 22-05-2025]"},{"issue":"6","key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.573","article-title":"Chatbot-supported psychoeducation in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Selaskowski","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2025.100807","article-title":"\u201cA one-stop shop\u201d: real-world use and app-users\u2019 experiences of a psychoeducational smartphone app for adults with ADHD","volume":"39","author":"Seery","journal-title":"Internet Interv"}],"container-title":["JMIR Formative Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e66388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:28:51Z","timestamp":1785536931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e66388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":73,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/66388","relation":{},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"article-number":"v9i1e66388"}}