{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:54:17Z","timestamp":1792403657083,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The growing prevalence of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) has significant impacts on health care systems and quality of life. Understanding the prevalence of MCC throughout adulthood offers valuable insights into the evolving burden of chronic diseases and provides strategies for more effective health care outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n This study estimated the prevalence and combinations of MCC among adult participants enrolled in the\n All of Us (AoU)<\/jats:italic>\n Research Program, especially studying the variations across age categories.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We conducted an exploratory analysis using electronic health record (EHR) data from adult participants (N=242,828) in the version 7 Controlled Tier\n AoU<\/jats:italic>\n Research Program data release. Data analysis was conducted using Python in a Jupyter notebook environment within the\n AoU<\/jats:italic>\n Researcher Workbench. Descriptive statistics included condition frequencies, the number of chronic conditions per participant, and prevalence according to age categories. The presence of a chronic condition was determined by documentation of one or more\n ICD-10<\/jats:italic>\n (\n International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision<\/jats:italic>\n ) codes for the respective condition. Age categories were established and aligned with diagnosis dates and stages of adulthood (early adulthood: 18-39 years; middle adulthood: 40-49 years; late middle adulthood: 50-64 years; late adulthood: 65-74 years; advanced old age: 75-89 years).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings demonstrated that approximately 76% (n=183,753) of\n AoU<\/jats:italic>\n participants were diagnosed with MCC, with over 40% (n=98,885) having 6 or more conditions and prevalence increasing with age (from 33.78% in early adulthood to 68.04% in advanced old age). The most frequently occurring MCC combinations varied by age category. Participants aged 18-39 years primarily presented mental health\u2013related MCC combinations (eg, anxiety and depressive disorders; n=845), whereas those aged 40-64 years frequently had combinations of physical conditions such as fibromyalgia, chronic pain, fatigue, and arthritis (204 in middle adulthood and 457 in late middle adulthood). In late adulthood and advanced old age, hyperlipidemia and hypertension were the most commonly occurring MCC combinations (n=200 and n=59, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n We report notable prevalence of MCC throughout adulthood and variability in MCC combinations by age category in\n AoU<\/jats:italic>\n participants. The significant prevalence of MCC underscores a considerable public health challenge, revealed by distinct condition combinations that shift across different life stages. Early adulthood is characterized predominantly by mental health conditions, transitioning to cardiometabolic and physical health conditions in middle, late, and advanced ages. These findings highlight the need for targeted, innovative care modalities and population health initiatives to address the burden of MCC throughout adulthood.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/69138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T01:50:08Z","timestamp":1743990608000},"page":"e69138-e69138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of Multiple Chronic Conditions Among Adults in the All of Us Research Program: Exploratory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7859-4998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xintong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3964-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Dreisbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7239-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina M","family":"Gustafson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2659-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Komal Patel","family":"Murali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2944-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa A","family":"Koleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02420-6","article-title":"Biological and functional multimorbidity-from mechanisms to management","volume":"29","author":"Langenberg","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Whitson HE Boyd CM . Multiple chronic conditions. Schmader KE Givens J , editors. UpToDate. URL: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/multiple-chronic-conditions [Accessed 22-05-2024]"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The importance of investing in care for people with multiple chronic conditions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. URL: https:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/wysiwyg\/professionals\/prevention-chronic-care\/decision\/mcc\/mcc_infographic.pdf [Accessed 22-05-2024]"},{"issue":"6","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12481","article-title":"Older persons with multiple chronic conditions\u2019 experiences of unplanned readmission: An integrative review","volume":"17","author":"Coatsworth-Puspoky","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nurs"},{"issue":"30","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7130a3","article-title":"Chronic Conditions Among Adults Aged 18\u250034 Years - United States, 2019","volume":"71","author":"Watson","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac070","article-title":"Cohort trends in the burden of multiple chronic conditions among aging U.S. adults","volume":"77","author":"Bishop","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Welcome to the\n All of Us\n Research Hub. All of Us Research Hub. URL: https:\/\/researchallofus.org\/ [Accessed 01-05-2025]"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Centers for medicare and medicaid services. Condition categories. Chronic conditions data warehouse. URL: https:\/\/www2.ccwdata.org\/web\/guest\/condition-categories [Accessed 22-05-2024]"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Other chronic health, mental health, and potentially disabling conditions. Chronic conditions data warehouse. URL: https:\/\/www2.ccwdata.org\/web\/guest\/condition-categories-other [Accessed 28-01-2024]"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Live in Place Designs. Stages of aging & ideas for successful aging in place. 2023. URL: https:\/\/liveinplacedesigns.com\/the-5-stages-of-aging-at-home\/ [Accessed 22-05-2024]"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Stangor C Walinga W . Introduction to Psychology \u2013 1st Canadian Edition. BCcampus. 2014. URL: https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductiontopsychology\/ [Accessed 22-05-2024]"},{"issue":"7","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1809937","article-title":"The \u201cAll of Us\u201d Research Program","volume":"381","author":"All of Us Research Program Investigators","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"All of Us Research Program.\n All of Us\n Institutional Review Board (IRB). Jul16, 2021. URL: https:\/\/allofus.nih.gov\/about\/who-we-are\/institutional-review-board-irb-of-all-of-us [Accessed 19-03-2025]"},{"key":"R14","unstructured":"Protecting data and privacy. All of Us Research Program. 2025. URL: https:\/\/allofus.nih.gov\/article\/protecting-data-and-privacy [Accessed 24-03-2025]"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services. Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects ('Common Rule'). Mar27, 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/ohrp\/regulations-and-policy\/regulations\/common-rule\/index.html [Accessed 19-03-2025]"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13863","article-title":"Transforming care for people with multiple chronic conditions: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality\u2019s research agenda","volume":"56 Suppl 1","author":"Bierman","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0000000000000946","article-title":"Complex care needs at the end of life for seriously ill adults with multiple chronic conditions","volume":"25","author":"Murali","journal-title":"J Hosp Palliat Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2022.08.018","article-title":"Predictors of unrelieved symptoms in Research Program participants with chronic conditions","volume":"64","author":"Dreisbach","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"R19","unstructured":"Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics. URL: https:\/\/ohdsi.org\/ [Accessed 02-05-2025]"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"What is the phenotype knowledgebase?PheKB. URL: https:\/\/phekb.org\/ [Accessed 02-05-2025]"}],"container-title":["JMIR Formative Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e69138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:56:35Z","timestamp":1782842195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e69138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/69138","relation":{},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"article-number":"v9i7e69138"}}