{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:57:50Z","timestamp":1782845870272,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n HIV testing and counseling interventions have been pivotal in efforts to curb the HIV epidemic, with diverse delivery models implemented globally. However, existing studies primarily focus on individual perspectives, with limited attention given to the essential role of health care workers in the effective implementation of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and provider-initiated testing and counseling (PITC) services in China.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This protocol describes the design of the Provider-initiated Views on PITC and VCT Study (PIVOT Study), which aims to assess health care workers\u2019 perceptions, barriers, and facilitators related to the implementation of PITC and VCT in Guangdong Province, China.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The PIVOT Study is a multicenter, cross-sectional observational study. Eligible participants are health care workers employed at various health care service institutions, including hospitals, VCT clinics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and community health centers. We will use a convenience sampling method. Data will be collected via a structured digital questionnaire covering 5 domains: sociodemographic information, general health status, psychosocial characteristics, knowledge related to PITC and VCT, and experiential insights regarding service provision. Descriptive statistics will be used to characterize variable distributions, and multivariable logistic regression models will assess associations between independent and outcome variables. Secondary analyses will explore subgroup differences based on age, years of experience, sex, institution type, and geographical location. A total of approximately 400 health care workers will be recruited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The PIVOT Study proposal was submitted in December 2024 and received funding approval in May 2025, with official project initiation planned for July 2025. Study design and survey instrument revisions were completed between December 2024 and March 2025. A pilot survey was completed from April to May 2025, followed by questionnaire testing and refinement from June to August 2025. Formal data collection was conducted from September to November 2025, with data cleaning and preliminary analyses scheduled from December 2025 to January 2026. Final data analysis and manuscript preparation are planned from February to June 2026.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The PIVOT Study will generate important insights into health care workers\u2019 perspectives on PITC and VCT service delivery in China. The findings are expected to inform the development of targeted strategies to strengthen HIV testing efforts, particularly among underrepresented populations such as older adults. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/69832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T19:40:07Z","timestamp":1754509207000},"page":"e69832-e69832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceptions, Barriers, and Facilitators of Provider-Initiated and Voluntary HIV Testing and Counseling Among Health Care Workers: Protocol for a Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3713-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3959-5788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leiwen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5792-128X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1503-5962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cailing","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5716-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0958-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2083-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8577-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoren","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3481-6310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5226-5113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7176-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7356-7147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5492-3920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huihong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"The urgency of now: AIDS at a crossroads. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2024-unaids-global-aids-update_en.pdf [Accessed 09-09-2025]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26221","article-title":"Optimizing health resource allocation for improving timely HIV diagnosis in China","volume":"27","author":"He","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2024.003","article-title":"Evolution of HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Control Policies in China: a grounded theory approach","volume":"6","author":"Li","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170588","article-title":"Uptake contexts and perceived impacts of HIV testing and counselling among adults in East and Southern Africa: a meta-ethnographic review","volume":"12","author":"Witzel","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2024.002","article-title":"Temporal and spatial trends in HIV positivity rate for VCT clinics - China, 2015-2022","volume":"6","author":"Liu","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/280969","article-title":"Barriers to acceptance of provider-initiated testing and counseling among men who have sex with men in Shenyang, China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"2013","author":"Hu","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5740654","article-title":"Understanding the role of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in HIV prevention in Nantong, China","volume":"2020","author":"Xu","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-955","article-title":"HIV\/STD pattern and its associated risk factors among male STD clinic attendees in China: a foci for HIV intervention","volume":"11","author":"Wang","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9349-x","article-title":"HIV voluntary counseling and testing and behavioral risk reduction in developing countries: a meta-analysis, 1990-2005","volume":"12","author":"Denison","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0241-y","article-title":"Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Kennedy","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02893.x","article-title":"Universal voluntary HIV testing in antenatal care settings: a review of the contribution of provider\u2010initiated testing & counselling","volume":"17","author":"Hensen","journal-title":"Tropical Med Int Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1626339","article-title":"Effect of organizational models of provider-initiated testing and counseling (PITC) in health facilities on adult HIV testing coverage in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"32","author":"Inghels","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S235818","article-title":"Perceived barriers toward provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) in pediatric clinics: a qualitative study involving two regional hospitals in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"Marwa","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"issue":"7","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073010","article-title":"Relationships of illness perception, symptoms response and social support with acute myocardial infarction patients\u2019 prehospital delay in rural China: protocol for a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Jin","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.08.130","article-title":"Loneliness and its correlates among older adults living with HIV: a multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"341","author":"Wang","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/IM9.0000000000000125","article-title":"Correlates of sexual lifestyles among older adults living with HIV in China: findings from the Sexual Well-being (SWELL) Study","volume":"5","author":"Wang","journal-title":"Infect Microb Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2025.2480151","article-title":"Association between frailty and low sexual function among sexually active older adults living with HIV in China: a multi-centre cross-sectional study in China","volume":"37","author":"Wang","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100825","article-title":"Sexual activity, sexual satisfaction and their correlates among older adults in China: findings from the sexual well-being (SWELL) study","volume":"39","author":"Wang","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"1","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067338","article-title":"Sexual well-being among older adults in China (SWELL): protocol for a multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Wang","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18789","article-title":"Sexual function and correlates among adults aged 50+ years in China: findings from the sexual well-being (SWELL) study","volume":"72","author":"Wang","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003831","article-title":"Modeling the epidemiological impact of the UNAIDS 2025 targets to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030","volume":"18","author":"Stover","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"48","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2021.249","article-title":"Research progress in the epidemiology of HIV\/AIDS in China","volume":"3","author":"He","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"issue":"3","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2017.12.006","article-title":"A systematic review of health care provider-perceived barriers and facilitators to routine HIV testing in primary care settings in the southeastern United States","volume":"29","author":"Tan","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203081","article-title":"Qualitative assessment of facilitators and barriers to HIV programme implementation by community health workers in Mopani district, South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Naidoo","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1265\/ehpm.22-00066","article-title":"Factors influencing HIV testing and counselling services among men who have sex with men in Western China: a cross-sectional study based on Andersen\u2019s behavioral model","volume":"27","author":"Lin","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"}],"container-title":["JMIR Research Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2025\/1\/e69832","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:58:02Z","timestamp":1782842282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2025\/1\/e69832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/69832","relation":{},"ISSN":["1929-0748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1929-0748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"article-number":"v14i3e69832"}}