{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:37:55Z","timestamp":1790887075277,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Hum Factors"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) are a leading cause of death worldwide, yet first responder apps can significantly improve outcomes by mobilizing citizens to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation before professional help arrives. Despite their importance, limited research has examined the psychological and behavioral factors that influence individuals\u2019 willingness to adopt these apps.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Given that first responder app use involves elements of both technology adoption and preventive health behavior, it is essential to examine this behavior from multiple theoretical perspectives. Building on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and health belief model (HBM), this study therefore developed an integrative framework to explain which behavioral determinants and demographic and health-related factors drive an individual\u2019s willingness to install a first responder app for OHCA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey (N=3660; mean age 49.95, SD 16.75 years; n=1909, 52.2% women) in June 2024 among Belgian adults. Behavioral determinants (UTAUT and HBM constructs), demographic (eg, age), and health-related (eg, cardiopulmonary resuscitation training experience) variables were measured using (multi-item) scales. Willingness to install the app served as the outcome variable. We developed a structural equation model using the Lavaan package in R and specified regression paths, on the one hand, between the behavioral determinants and willingness to install the app, and on the other hand, between the demographic and health-related factors and the behavioral determinants. Additionally, we conducted multiple group analyses to examine the moderating role of demographic and health-related factors on the relationships between the behavioral determinants and the willingness to install the app.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Our results revealed that 2 UTAUT variables (ie, facilitating conditions: \u03b2=.07; P=.003 and social influence: \u03b2=.16; P<.001) and 3 HBM variables (ie, perceived susceptibility: \u03b2=.06; P=.003, perceived barriers: \u03b2=\u2013.29; P<.001, and perceived benefits: \u03b2=.38; P<.001) were associated with willingness to install a first responder app for OHCA. Additionally, most demographic and health-related factors were indirectly related to willingness via behavioral determinants, with age being the sole moderator. Specifically, a negative association between perceived severity and willingness was only observed among older adults. In addition, the positive relationship between perceived benefits and willingness was stronger for older adults compared to younger ones.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Overall, the results of this study have both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this study finds its relevance in extending the UTAUT and HBM to altruistic mobile health apps and advancing our understanding of technology adoption in health contexts. Practically, the study\u2019s findings could inform real-life health campaigns aimed at enhancing citizen participation in first responder systems.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/69934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:09Z","timestamp":1752192009000},"page":"e69934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Understanding the Behavioral Determinants of First Responder App Adoption by Integrating Perspectives From the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Health Belief Model: Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5336-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cas","family":"von Winckelmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2324-2785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn","family":"Vanherle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3027-3934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Schreurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2364-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Hoogmartens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Salaets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-4442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"De Spiegeleer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7599-5642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Sabbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0530-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Beullens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"mHealth: use of appropriate digital technologies for public health: report by the director-generalWorld Health Assembly 7120182024-06-21https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/276430"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"From innovation to implementation: eHealth in the WHO European regionWorld Health Organization. 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