{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:44:29Z","timestamp":1785545069385,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Med Educ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of American youth identifying as transgender has doubled in the past five years, emphasizing the crucial role of gender affirmation surgery (GAS) in treating gender dysphoria. However, the current health care infrastructure faces challenges in meeting the escalating demand for GAS interventions. Transgender and gender-diverse patients encounter barriers such as travel and extended waitlists for specialized surgeons. This viewpoint highlights the insufficient exposure to GAS in medical education, spanning from medical students to attending surgeons, and examines the uneven distribution of GAS practitioners across specialties. The absence of formal training and board certification compounds the issue, urging a comprehensive reevaluation of medical education to ensure quality care for the expanding transgender and gender-diverse population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2196\/71843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:50:06Z","timestamp":1770223806000},"page":"e71843-e71843","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Classroom to Operating Room: Addressing Shortcomings in Gender Affirmation Surgical Education"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3315-161X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel G","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Hamidian Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Herman JL Flores AR O\u2019Neill KK . How many adults and youth identify as transgender in the United States? The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law; 2022. URL: https:\/\/williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Trans-Pop-Update-Jun-2022.pdf [Accessed 12-05-2026]"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Herman JL Flores AR Brown TNT Wilson BDM Conron KJ . Age of individuals who identify as transgender in the United States. The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law; 2017. URL: https:\/\/williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Age-Trans-Individuals-Jan-2017.pdf [Accessed 12-05-2026]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-017-0295-8","article-title":"Barriers to gender-affirming care for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals","volume":"15","author":"Puckett","journal-title":"Sex Res Social Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01883-z","article-title":"Barriers to finding a gender affirming surgeon","volume":"44","author":"Cohen","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.30348","article-title":"National estimates of gender-affirming surgery in the US","volume":"6","author":"Wright","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.11299","article-title":"State restrictions and geographic access to gender-affirming care for transgender youth","volume":"330","author":"Borah","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005009","article-title":"Racial disparity in gender affirming surgery: a comparative study on plastic surgeon social media use","volume":"11","author":"Robinson","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000651","article-title":"Geographic variation in access to plastic surgeons","volume":"76","author":"Bauder","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303571","article-title":"Transgender demographics: a household probability sample of US adults, 2014","volume":"107","author":"Crissman","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200206000-00011","article-title":"Specialty board certification and clinical outcomes: the missing link","volume":"77","author":"Sharp","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"10S","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GOX.0000899108.03250.1d","article-title":"An overview of gender-affirming surgical fellowships in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Finkelstein","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Service specification: gender identity services for adults (surgical interventions). NHS England; 2019. URL: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/publication\/service-specification-gender-identity-services-for-adults-surgical-interventions\/ [Accessed 09-01-2023]"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Review Committee for Plastic Surgery. Defined category minimums for plastic surgery. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.acgme.org\/globalassets\/pfassets\/programresources\/operative_minimums_effective_07012014.pdf [Accessed 12-05-2026]"},{"issue":"2","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1751021","article-title":"Current concepts in gender-affirming surgery postgraduate training","volume":"55","author":"Khouri","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-16-00417.1","article-title":"Transgender-related education in plastic surgery and urology residency programs","volume":"9","author":"Morrison","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Functions and structure of a medical school: standards for accreditation of medical education programs leading to the M.D. degree. Liaison Committee on Medical Education. 2023. URL: https:\/\/lcme.org\/standards-and-rules\/ [Accessed 12-05-2026]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2015.1044656","article-title":"Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patient care: medical students\u2019 preparedness and comfort","volume":"27","author":"White","journal-title":"Teach Learn Med"}],"container-title":["JMIR Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mededu.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e71843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:27:10Z","timestamp":1785536830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mededu.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e71843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/71843","relation":{},"ISSN":["2369-3762"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2369-3762","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"article-number":"v12i1e71843"}}