{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:44:37Z","timestamp":1785545077196,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Medication adherence is defined as the degree to which the medications taken reflect the prescribed intention and is influenced by various factors. Different factors, such as parental trauma or parenting style, may influence their child or children\u2019s medical treatment adherence. Authoritative, or \u201cflexible,\u201d parenting is known to develop the most nurturing relationship between parent and child or children. The relationship between parental factors, such as parenting style and trauma level, and their influence on child medication adherence is being explored.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study examines the relationship between parental trauma, parenting style, and their child or children\u2019s adherence to medical recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Participants were recruited through Amazon\u2019s Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing platform. Participants were aged 18 years or older, a caregiver for at least 1 child younger than the age of 18 years, and had at least 1 child who was prescribed medication within the past 3 months. Parental trauma level was measured via the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, and parenting style was measured via the Parental Authority Questionnaire\u2013Revised. Descriptive statistics, including\n \n chi-square tests, 2-tailed\n t<\/jats:italic>\n tests, and adjusted logistic regressions, were used to determine the association between parental trauma, parenting style, and their child or children\u2019s medical adherence.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 720 participant responses were analyzed. Children who were medically adherent were younger (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.02). Caregivers\u2019 mean age was 36.8 (SD 7.97) years, and 35.4% (n=255) identified as male. An increase in caregivers\u2019 adverse childhood experiences score was marginally associated with an increased risk of medication nonadherence among their children (adjusted odds ratio 0.94;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.07).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Similar to other studies, this study showed that parents of children who adhere to medical treatment practice an authoritative parenting style. Uniquely, it also showed that an increased adverse childhood experiences score was only marginally associated with an increased risk of medical nonadherence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/72406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T08:30:06Z","timestamp":1770107406000},"page":"e72406-e72406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Relationship Between Parental Trauma, Parenting Style, and Children\u2019s Medical Treatment Adherence: Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0983-199X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Stull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Vsevolozhskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4577-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristopher","family":"Collman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9084-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael","family":"Steinken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5554-2578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7893-4335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy L","family":"Meadows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01985.x","article-title":"Predictors of medication adherence in children receiving psychotropic medication","volume":"47","author":"Dean","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsx053","article-title":"Parenting and treatment adherence in type 1 diabetes throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood","volume":"42","author":"Goethals","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/aps.1702","article-title":"Ghosts in the nursery in exile\u2014supporting parenting in exile during the COVID\u201019 pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Schestag","journal-title":"Appl Psychoanal Studies"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Karr-Morse R Wiley M . 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