{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:00:14Z","timestamp":1782846014599,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR XR Spatial Comput"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emergency physicians face significant stress in their daily work, adversely affecting patient care and contributing to physician burnout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study explored the feasibility, immediate effects, and acceptance of virtual reality (VR) relaxation on perceived stress reduction among emergency physicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted at the Department of Emergency Medicine, Bern, Switzerland, in February 2023. All junior and senior physicians were eligible, excluding those with epilepsy, claustrophobia, or severe nausea. Voluntary participants underwent a 6- to 8-minute VR meditation program at their workplace. Subjective short-term stress reduction was measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 (\u201cnot at all stressed\u201d) to 10 (\u201cextremely stressed\u201d). Feasibility, user acceptance, and technical aspects were evaluated using validated and self-constructed questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 35 emergency physicians (median [IQR] age, 32 [30-34] years, 60% female) completed 39 VR simulation sessions. Baseline stress levels (median NRS 4, IQR 2\u20106.5) were significantly reduced post-intervention (median NRS 2, IQR 1\u20104;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001), particularly among participants with high baseline stress levels. Reported side effects (simulator sickness) were minimal; the median score of presence and immersion according to the questionnaire developed by Slater-Usoh-Steed was 4 (IQR 3\u20104) (scale 1\u20107, with 7=full immersion). User satisfaction was high. Implementation challenges mainly included technical issues and time constraints due to high workload.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study suggests that brief, relaxing VR sessions may help reduce short-term perceived stress levels in emergency physicians with minimal side effects and high user satisfaction. Future studies should address implementation challenges to optimize integration with clinical workflows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/72605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T12:55:11Z","timestamp":1743771311000},"page":"e72605-e72605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feasibility, Subjective Effectiveness, and Acceptance of Short Virtual Reality Relaxation Breaks for Immediate Perceived Stress Reduction in Emergency Physicians: Single-Arm Pre-Post Intervention Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3046-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Birrenbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8160-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seraina","family":"H\u00e4ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0868-0608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Jegerlehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3277-9591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Schober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-5170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristomenis K","family":"Exadaktylos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6646-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas C","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12777","article-title":"Prevalence of burnout among physicians: a systematic review","volume":"320","author":"Rotenstein","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2019.4.40970","article-title":"Burnout, drop out, suicide: physician loss in emergency medicine, Part I","volume":"20","author":"Stehman","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12752","article-title":"Physician burnout: contributors, consequences and solutions","volume":"283","author":"West","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.07.010","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in emergency medicine residents","volume":"70","author":"Vanyo","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2007.00008.x","article-title":"Substance use in emergency medicine training programs","volume":"15","author":"McBeth","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2295","article-title":"Suicide rates among physicians: a quantitative and gender assessment (meta-analysis)","volume":"161","author":"Schernhammer","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57187\/s.3421","article-title":"Physician wellbeing and burnout in emergency medicine in Switzerland","volume":"154","author":"Heymann","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"7","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2015.9.27945","article-title":"Impact of burnout on self-reported patient care among emergency physicians","volume":"16","author":"Lu","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"WHO Guidelines on Mental Health at Work. 1st ed. 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