{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:42:24Z","timestamp":1788396144351,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n College students commonly struggle with procrastination, which is linked to mental health complaints and poor academic performance. Interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy can be effective in reducing procrastination. Traditional face-to-face therapy and online interventions have shown promising outcomes, with the latter overcoming help-seeking barriers such as lengthy referral processes and waiting lists.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a new eHealth intervention targeting procrastination for college students (\u201cGetStarted\u201d) with guidance by student e-coaches. This cognitive behavioral therapy\u2013based intervention was designed specifically for and together with the target demographic of students studying in the Netherlands. Guidance was offered by trained clinical psychology students in the form of written motivational, supportive messages.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a single-arm study. The primary outcomes were satisfaction (8-item Client Satisfaction Questionnaire [CSQ-8]), usability (10-item System Usability Scale [SUS-10]), and adherence (completion rate). The secondary outcomes were changes to procrastination (Irrational Procrastination Scale [IPS]), depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), stress (10-item Perceived Stress Scale [PSS-10]), quality of life (Mental Health Quality of Life Questionnaire [MHQoL]), and e-coaching satisfaction (Working Alliance Inventory for Guided Internet Interventions [WAI-I]).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 734 participants who started the intervention, 335 (45.6%) completed the posttest. Students reported being satisfied with the intervention (CSQ-8: mean 23.48, SD 3.23) and found it very usable (SUS-10: mean 34.39, SD 4.52). Regarding adherence, participants completed 68.95% of the intervention on average, while 36.65% (n=269) of participants completed the full intervention. Participants showed a significant decrease in procrastination (IPS: mean decrease 35.39-32.56, Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =0.63), depression (PHQ-9: mean decrease 9.27-7.73, Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =0.35), and stress (PSS-10: mean decrease 20.79-19.02, Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =0.31) as well as an increase in quality of life (MHQoL: mean increase 12.81-13.65, Cohen\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =0.37) from baseline to posttest to follow-up. Participants reported a moderate-to-strong alliance with their e-coach (WAI-I: mean 45.26, SD 7.72).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The internet-based, student-guided intervention \u201cGetStarted\u201d targeting procrastination appears to be acceptable and feasible for college students in the Netherlands. However, high attrition rates and the lack of a control group mean that results must be interpreted with caution. To further examine intervention effectiveness, a randomized controlled trial needs to be conducted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/72896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T12:00:10Z","timestamp":1755086410000},"page":"e72896-e72896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feasibility of a Guided Web-Based Procrastination Intervention for College Students: Open Trial"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6536-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevin","family":"Ozmen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8966-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpana","family":"Amarnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2745-3806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonore","family":"de Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5975-4454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"van Klaveren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5497-2743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pim","family":"Cuijpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6875-2215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annemieke","family":"van Straten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2668-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha","family":"Struijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Caring Universities Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.1.65","article-title":"The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure","volume":"133","author":"Steel","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R2","volume":"9","author":"Aziz","journal-title":"J Telecommunication Electronic Computer Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.24018\/ejbmr.2023.8.1.1797","article-title":"Effect of workload, perceived organizational support, and time management on academic procrastination with work school conflict as a mediating variable","volume":"8","author":"Sulistia","journal-title":"Eur J Business Manage Res"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YeckehZaare I Chen SS Barghi T . Reducing procrastination without sacrificing students\u2019 autonomy through optional weekly presentations of student-generated content. Presented at: SIGCSE 2023; Mar 15-18, 2023:151-157; Toronto, ON. [doi: 10.1145\/3545945.3569839]","DOI":"10.1145\/3545945.3569839"},{"issue":"7","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.96049","article-title":"Prevalence of academic procrastination among medical students and its relationship with their academic achievement","volume":"21","author":"Hayat","journal-title":"Shiraz E-Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2174\/1874350101609010025","article-title":"The relationship between academic procrastination and parenting styles among Jordanian undergraduate university students","volume":"9","author":"Mahasneh","journal-title":"Open Psychol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/0260293042000160384","article-title":"Academic procrastination and statistics anxiety","volume":"29","author":"Onwuegbuzie","journal-title":"Assess Eval High Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3200\/SOCP.149.2.241-257","article-title":"Exploring academic procrastination among Turkish students: possible gender differences in prevalence and reasons","volume":"149","author":"\u00d6zer","journal-title":"J Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"19","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38827","article-title":"Examining the relationship of academic dishonesty with academic procrastination, and time management in distance education","volume":"10","author":"Aru\u011faslan","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s42010-018-0029-5","article-title":"Interrelations between motivational regulation, procrastination and college dropout intentions","volume":"46","author":"B\u00e4ulke","journal-title":"Unterrichtswiss"},{"issue":"30","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26602","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03759-8","article-title":"Effects of self-regulated learning and procrastination on academic stress, subjective well-being, and academic achievement in secondary education","volume":"42","author":"Garc\u00eda-Ros","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.02.038","article-title":"The relationship between procrastination and academic performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Kim","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"3","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10942-016-0235-1","article-title":"Procrastination and depression from a cognitive perspective: an exploration of the associations among procrastinatory automatic thoughts, rumination, and mindfulness","volume":"34","author":"Flett","journal-title":"J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.99.1.12","article-title":"Doing the things we do: a grounded theory of academic procrastination","volume":"99","author":"Schraw","journal-title":"J Educ Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/per.1985","article-title":"Less adaptive or more maladaptive? A meta-analytic investigation of procrastination and coping","volume":"29","author":"Sirois","journal-title":"Eur J Pers"},{"issue":"3","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.03.028","article-title":"\u201cI\u2019ll go to therapy, eventually\u201d: procrastination, stress and mental health","volume":"49","author":"Stead","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"8","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2015.43.8.1265","article-title":"Global self-esteem mediates the effect of general self-efficacy on Chinese undergraduates\u2019 general procrastination","volume":"43","author":"Tan","journal-title":"Soc Behav Pers"},{"key":"R18","unstructured":"H\u00f6cker A Engberding M . Prokrastination Ein Manual Zur Behandlung Des Pathologischen Aufschiebens. Vol 70. Hogrefe; 2013. URL: https:\/\/pub.uni-bielefeld.de\/record\/2619912 [Accessed 30-09-2025]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10447-012-9150-z","article-title":"Academic procrastination: the perspective of university counsellors","volume":"34","author":"Patrzek","journal-title":"Int J Adv Counselling"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01588","article-title":"Targeting procrastination using psychological treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Rozental","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2018.09.002","article-title":"Overcoming procrastination? A meta-analysis of intervention studies","volume":"25","author":"van Eerde","journal-title":"Educ Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13443","article-title":"@ease peer\u2010to\u2010peer youth walk\u2010in centres in the Netherlands: a protocol for evaluating longitudinal outcomes, follow\u2010up results and cost\u2010of\u2010illness","volume":"17","author":"Boonstra","journal-title":"Early Intervention Psych"},{"issue":"7","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2013.820731","article-title":"Self-reported barriers to professional help seeking among college students at elevated risk for suicide","volume":"61","author":"Czyz","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1782","article-title":"Barriers of mental health treatment utilization among first-year college students: first cross-national results from the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative","volume":"28","author":"Ebert","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31803bb4c1","article-title":"Help-seeking and access to mental health care in a university student population","volume":"45","author":"Eisenberg","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/1473325011401468","article-title":"Increased demand for mental health services on college campuses: perspectives from administrators","volume":"11","author":"Watkins","journal-title":"Qual Soc Work"},{"issue":"6","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v13.i6.397","article-title":"Digital interventions empowering mental health reconstruction among students after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Liu","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20083","article-title":"Advantages and limitations of Internet-based interventions for common mental disorders","volume":"13","author":"Andersson","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00116","article-title":"Prevention of mental health disorders using internet- and mobile-based interventions: a narrative review and recommendations for future research","volume":"8","author":"Ebert","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01103","article-title":"Does SMS-support make a difference? Effectiveness of a two-week online-training to overcome procrastination. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Eckert","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2017.07.002","article-title":"Reducing procrastination using a smartphone-based treatment program: a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Lukas","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000023","article-title":"Internet-based cognitive-behavior therapy for procrastination: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Rozental","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.027","article-title":"Treating procrastination chat-based versus face-to-face: an RCT evaluating the role of self-disclosure and perceived counselor\u2019s characteristics","volume":"54","author":"Gieselmann","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2017.08.002","article-title":"Treating procrastination using cognitive behavior therapy: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing treatment delivered via the internet or in groups","volume":"49","author":"Rozental","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100496","article-title":"Adolescent dropout from brief digital mental health interventions within and beyond randomized trials","volume":"27","author":"Cohen","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-14","article-title":"Uptake and adherence of a self-directed internet-based mental health intervention with tailored e-mail reminders in senior high schools in Norway","volume":"14","author":"Lillevoll","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100468","article-title":"Online mental health interventions designed for students in higher education: a user-centered perspective","volume":"26","author":"Oti","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231203876","article-title":"Adherence to e-health interventions for substance use and the factors influencing it: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"9","author":"Shams","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9925","article-title":"A web-based acceptance-facilitating intervention for identifying patients\u2019 acceptance, uptake, and adherence of internet- and mobile-based pain interventions: randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Lin","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000459","article-title":"Attrition and adherence in smartphone-delivered interventions for mental health problems: a systematic and meta-analytic review","volume":"88","author":"Linardon","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2018-102891","article-title":"Clinical review of user engagement with mental health smartphone apps: evidence, theory and improvements","volume":"21","author":"Torous","journal-title":"Evid Based Mental Health"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055207620926064","article-title":"Adherence to e-mental health among youth: considerations for intervention development and research design","volume":"6","author":"Achilles","journal-title":"Digit HEALTH"},{"issue":"3","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22860","article-title":"Internet- and mobile-based interventions for anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review of intervention components","volume":"36","author":"Domhardt","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"6","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4493","article-title":"Adherence to internet-based mobile-supported stress management: a pooled analysis of individual participant data from three randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Zarski","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159253","article-title":"ePSICONUT: an e-health programme to improve emotional health and lifestyle in university students","volume":"19","author":"Cantisano","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04325-z","article-title":"Efficacy of computer- and\/or internet-based cognitive-behavioral guided self-management for depression in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Mamukashvili-Delau","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1221427","article-title":"Post-pandemic self-reported mental health of mental healthcare professionals in the Netherlands compared to during the pandemic\u2014an online longitudinal follow-up study","volume":"11","author":"de Vroege","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/36004","article-title":"The effects of nonclinician guidance on effectiveness and process outcomes in digital mental health interventions: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Leung","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20196854","article-title":"Digital health interventions to improve access to and quality of primary health care services: a scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Erku","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R50","unstructured":"Beck AT . Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. International Universities Press; 1976."},{"issue":"2","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1761","article-title":"The World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student initiative: An overview","volume":"28","author":"Cuijpers","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.185","article-title":"Sample size of 12 per group rule of thumb for a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Julious","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-264","article-title":"Sample size requirements to estimate key design parameters from external pilot randomised controlled trials: a simulation study","volume":"15","author":"Teare","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20036","article-title":"Transdiagnostic internet intervention for Indonesian university students with depression and anxiety: evaluation of feasibility and acceptability","volume":"8","author":"Rahmadiana","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100369","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptability of a guided internet-based stress management intervention for university students with high levels of stress: protocol for an open trial","volume":"24","author":"Amanvermez","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"2","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100448","article-title":"The effect of user interface on treatment engagement in a self-guided digital problem-solving intervention: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Hentati","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"3","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7189(79)90094-6","article-title":"Assessment of client\/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale","volume":"2","author":"Larsen","journal-title":"Eval Program Plann"},{"issue":"8","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5952","article-title":"Reliability and validity of assessing user satisfaction with web-based health interventions","volume":"18","author":"Bo\u00df","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R60","unstructured":"Brooke J . SUS\u2014a quick and dirty usability scale. ResearchGate. URL: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/319394819_SUS_--_a_quick_and_dirty_usability_scale [Accessed 30-09-2025]"},{"issue":"7","key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1455307","article-title":"The system usability scale: past, present, and future","volume":"34","author":"Lewis","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Interact"},{"issue":"3","key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1772","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of adherence on the effectiveness of e-therapies","volume":"13","author":"Donkin","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.02.025","article-title":"Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators: do they exist?","volume":"48","author":"Steel","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"R64","unstructured":"Steel PDG . The Measurement and Nature of Procrastination. University of Minnesota; 2002."},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.615341","article-title":"A Rasch analysis of the irrational procrastination scale (IPS)","volume":"11","author":"Shaw","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.06.004","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the mood module of the Patient Health Questionnaire: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Wittkampf","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"R68","unstructured":"Cohen S . Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In: Spacapan S Oskamp S , editors. The Social Psychology of Health. Sage Publications, Inc; 1988:31-67. URL: https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1988-98838-002 [Accessed 09-10-2025]"},{"issue":"4","key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2012.08.004","article-title":"Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale","volume":"6","author":"Lee","journal-title":"Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-02935-w","article-title":"The Mental Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (MHQoL): development and first psychometric evaluation of a new measure to assess quality of life in people with mental health problems","volume":"31","author":"van Krugten","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22823","article-title":"The Working Alliance Inventory for guided Internet interventions (WAI-I)","volume":"76","author":"G\u00f3mez Penedo","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J . Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Routledge; 2013. [doi: 10.4324\/9780203771587]","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"issue":"4","key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12342","article-title":"Stress management interventions for college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Amanvermez","journal-title":"Clin Psychol: Sci Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1766","article-title":"Efficacy of an unguided internet\u2010based self\u2010help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"K\u00e4hlke","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psych Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2013.843533","article-title":"Feasibility of a prototype web-based acceptance and commitment therapy prevention program for college students","volume":"62","author":"Levin","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-019-0308-5","article-title":"Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of the contents, design, and functionalities of an online intervention promoting mental health, wellbeing, and study skills in higher education students","volume":"13","author":"Papadatou-Pastou","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1080\/10447310802205776","article-title":"An empirical evaluation of the system usability scale","volume":"24","author":"Bangor","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Interact"},{"issue":"2","key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1759","article-title":"Internet interventions for mental health in university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Harrer","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2642","article-title":"Therapeutic alliance in psychological therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"29","author":"Howard","journal-title":"Clin Psychology and Psychoth"},{"issue":"4","key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16398","article-title":"A Web- and mobile-based intervention for comorbid, recurrent depression in patients with chronic back pain on sick leave (Get.Back): pilot randomized controlled trial on feasibility, user satisfaction, and effectiveness","volume":"7","author":"Schlicker","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"R82","unstructured":"Hoger onderwijs; eerstejaarsstudenten, vooropleiding en opleidingsfase (dataset 85422NED). CBS StatLine. 2025. URL: https:\/\/opendata.cbs.nl\/statline\/#\/CBS\/nl\/dataset\/85422NED\/table?ts=1759250749804 [Accessed 30-9-2025]"},{"key":"R83","unstructured":"Hoger onderwijs; internationale studenten, onderwijskenmerken (dataset 85125NED). CBS StatLine. 2025. URL: https:\/\/opendata.cbs.nl\/statline\/#\/CBS\/nl\/dataset\/85125NED\/table?ts=1759250787800 [Accessed 30-09-2025]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2014.963586","article-title":"Students\u2019 benefits and barriers to mental health help-seeking","volume":"2","author":"Vidourek","journal-title":"Health Psychol Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmed-2017-110883","article-title":"Catalogue of bias: attrition bias","volume":"23","author":"Nunan","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-249","article-title":"A systematic review of the effect of retention methods in population-based cohort studies","volume":"11","author":"Booker","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003821","article-title":"Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Brueton","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["JMIR Formative Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e72896","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:03:21Z","timestamp":1782842601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e72896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":87,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/72896","relation":{},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"article-number":"v9i1e72896"}}