{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:00:34Z","timestamp":1782846034469,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n HIV\/AIDS is an epidemic in 190 countries, with Indonesia having more than half a million people living with the virus. Risk factors include risky sexual activity and alternating needle usage. The majority of cases are young adults (aged 18 to 30 years). The Indonesian National HIV\/AIDS strategy aims to reduce new cases to less than a thousand per year. Nowadays, effective prevention involves avoiding free sex and adopting healthier lifestyles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This research aimed to explore young adults\u2019 needs, perceptions, and cultural aspects of HIV\/AIDS prevention, develop the intervention model, analyze its effectiveness, and examine its effect on HIV prevention behavior.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted the study in three phases: qualitative research, model development, and quantitative research. In the first phase, we used descriptive phenomenology and focus group discussion to collect data from young adults and stakeholders in Batang and Pekalongan regencies. The second phase developed a motivation model for HIV\/AIDS prevention using motivational culture-based communication (MK-U) through website media. We designed the model in consultation with an information technology team and experts to ensure its suitability. The third phase involved a pre- and posttest with a control group quasi-experiment involving young adults aged 20\u201030 years in Batang and Pekalongan districts. The intervention group received culture-based motivational interviewing, while the control group received standard counseling. We analyzed the data using a generalized linear model and multivariate analysis of variance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n We expected to develop the MK-U model for HIV prevention behavior among young adults. In 2025, we implemented a community-based nursing research program for the MK-U model to prevent HIV\/AIDS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In this research, we compare the results with similar studies, which will benefit program implementers and policymakers in both regions and enhance the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/72996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T16:50:08Z","timestamp":1759855808000},"page":"e72996-e72996","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behavioral Intervention to Prevent HIV\/AIDS Among Young Adults Using Motivational Culture-Based Communication: Protocol for a Research and Development Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9021-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moh Khotibul","family":"Umam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0501-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agus","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5644-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henny","family":"Permatasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3100-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muchtaruddin","family":"Mansyur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"HIV prevention 2025 on track to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. UNAIDS. 2022. URL: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2022\/prevention-2025-roadmap [Accessed 04-09-2024]"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Lukitosari E . Estimasi Dan Proyeksi HIV AIDS Di Indonesia Tahun 2019-2024 [Book in Indonesian]. 2023. URL: https:\/\/repository.kemkes.go.id\/book\/741 ISBN: 9786233010160"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33096\/woh.v8i2.1483","article-title":"Early identification of HIV infection among adolescents in primary care center: a case study","author":"Lindayani","journal-title":"Window Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.20473\/jpk.V13.I2.2025.205-213","article-title":"Ludo Edutainment: a media to improving knowledge and attitude about HIV-AIDS among senior high school students in Yogyakarta","volume":"13","author":"Meilani","journal-title":"Jurnal PROMKES"},{"issue":"11","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293876","article-title":"The knowledge mapping of HIV\/AIDS in Indonesians living on six major islands using the Indonesian version of the HIV-KQ-18 instrument","volume":"18","author":"Arifin","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.21.581","article-title":"Open communication about reproductive health is associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge and a non-stigmatising attitude among Indonesian youth: a cross-sectional study","volume":"55","author":"Wirawan","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"issue":"SI2","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.20473\/jpk.V13.ISI2.2025.39-48","article-title":"Needs assessment for social media development in HIV prevention among adolescent","volume":"13","author":"Herdanindita","journal-title":"10.20473\/jpk.V13.ISI2"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Fact sheet 2024 - latest global and regional HIV statistics on the status of the AIDS epidemic. UNAIDS. 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf [Accessed 21-11-2025]"},{"issue":"6","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025311","DOI":"10.31893\/multiscience.2025311","article-title":"Do not ask, do not tell: the dark path of sexual and reproductive health education in Indonesia","volume":"7","author":"Noer","journal-title":"Multidiscip Sci J"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Nies MA McEwen M . Community\/Public Health Nursing: Promoting the Health of Populations. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2015. URL: https:\/\/evolve.elsevier.com\/cs\/product\/9780323188265?role=student [Accessed 21-11-2025] ISBN: 9780323188265"},{"issue":"6","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1884611","article-title":"Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: a review","volume":"18","author":"Aggleton","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"issue":"3","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.22038\/jhl.2019.14346","article-title":"The need of family-based sexual education: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Asgharinekah","journal-title":"J Health Literacy"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Alligood MR . Nursing Theorists and Their Work. 10th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2021. URL: https:\/\/shop.elsevier.com\/books\/nursing-theorists-and-their-work\/alligood\/978-0-323-75702-7 [Accessed 21-11-2025]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/IJCN.IJCN_42_20","article-title":"Community-based care of HIV\/AIDS-affected family in India using the behavioural system model","volume":"21","author":"Alexander","journal-title":"Indian J Cont Nsg Edn"},{"issue":"4","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1990.tb00217.x","article-title":"The relationships among the subsystems of Johnson\u2019s Behavioral System Model","volume":"22","author":"Derdiarian","journal-title":"Image J Nurs Sch"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000717","article-title":"Behavioral and social interventions to promote optimal HIV prevention and care continua outcomes in the United States","volume":"17","author":"Gamarel","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19600-9","article-title":"Behavioral change interventions, theories, and techniques to reduce physical inactivity and sedentary behavior in the general population: a scoping review","volume":"24","author":"El Kirat","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241289979","article-title":"Comprehensive framework for developing mHealth-based behavior change interventions","volume":"10","author":"Rachad","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"issue":"Supplement 3","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S250","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000236","article-title":"Health behavior change models for HIV prevention and AIDS care","volume":"66","author":"Kaufman","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher WA Fisher JD Harman J . The information\u2010motivation\u2010behavioral skills model: a general social psychological approach to understanding and promoting health behavior. In: Suls J Wallston KA , editors. Social Psychological Foundations of Health and Illness. 2003:82-106. [doi: 10.1002\/9780470753552]","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470753552.ch4"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/uakwm","article-title":"An information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model of pandemic risk and prevention","author":"Fisher","journal-title":"PsyArXiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0423-2","article-title":"Predicting condom use in South Africa: a test of two integrative models","volume":"18","author":"Eggers","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"Sharma M . Multi-theory model (MTM) for health behavior change. WebmedCentral Behaviour; Sep 23, 2015. URL: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/282155951_Multi-theory_model_MTM_for_health_behavior_change [Accessed 21-11-2025]"},{"issue":"2","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19080\/PBSIJ.2017.02.555585","article-title":"An integrated approach for understanding health behavior; The I-change model as an example","volume":"2","author":"de Vries","journal-title":"Psychol Behav Sci Int J"},{"issue":"6","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.22.6.417","article-title":"The effectiveness of tailored feedback and action plans in an intervention addressing multiple health behaviors","volume":"22","author":"de Vries","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chesnay M . Nursing Research Using Grounded Theory: Qualitative Designs and Methods in Nursing. Springer; 2014. [doi: 10.1891\/9780826134660]","DOI":"10.1891\/9780826134660"},{"issue":"6","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-019-00914-5","article-title":"Focus group methodology: some ethical challenges","volume":"53","author":"Sim","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"issue":"2","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.5172\/mra.3.2.114","article-title":"Call for mixed analysis: a philosophical framework for combining qualitative and quantitative approaches","volume":"3","author":"Onwuegbuzie","journal-title":"Int J Mult Res Approaches"},{"issue":"9","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1991.tb03374.x","article-title":"An evaluation of the Johnson Behavioural System Model of nursing","volume":"16","author":"Reynolds","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"R30","unstructured":"Polit DF Beck CT . Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. 7th ed. Wolters Kluwer Health\/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. URL: https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books\/about\/Essentials_of_Nursing_Research.html?id=7GtP8VCw4BYC&redir_esc=y [Accessed 21-11-2025] ISBN: 9781975141851"},{"key":"R31","unstructured":"Grove SK Burns N Gray JR . The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2013. URL: https:\/\/shop.elsevier.com\/books\/the-practice-of-nursing-research\/grove\/978-1-4557-0736-2 [Accessed 21-11-2025] ISBN: 978-1-455-70736-2"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/57363","article-title":"Enhancing HIV cognitive abilities and self-management through information technology-assisted interventions: scoping review","volume":"27","author":"Huang","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/13049","article-title":"A smartphone game to prevent HIV among young Africans (Tumaini): assessing intervention and study acceptability among adolescents and their parents in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Sabben","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2025.05.017","article-title":"Pilot study of a digital health intervention to increase HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing uptake and reduce condomless sex and substance use among adolescents","author":"Cordova","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70212","article-title":"Efficacy of digital health interventions used for adolescent\u2019s sexual health: an umbrella review","volume":"7","author":"Borji-Navan","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16406","article-title":"Implementing a digital HIV care navigation intervention (Health eNav): protocol for a feasibility study","volume":"8","author":"Arayasirikul","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/59519","article-title":"Use of behavior change techniques in digital HIV prevention programs for adolescents and young people: systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Mo","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"5","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-022-00615-z","article-title":"Applying behavioural insights to HIV prevention and management: a scoping review","volume":"19","author":"Andrawis","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/69540","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of a mobile HIV prevention app to increase HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis initiation among rural men who have sex with men in the Southern United States: protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Jones","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"S1","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S226","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002983","article-title":"Explorations of the role of digital technology in HIV-related implementation research: case comparisons of five ending the HIV epidemic supplement awards","volume":"90","author":"Jones","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"10","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000279","article-title":"Digital literacy as a new determinant of health: a scoping review","volume":"2","author":"Arias L\u00f3pez","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"}],"container-title":["JMIR Research Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2025\/1\/e72996","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:03:28Z","timestamp":1782842608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2025\/1\/e72996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/72996","relation":{},"ISSN":["1929-0748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1929-0748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"article-number":"v14i2e72996"}}