{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:44:35Z","timestamp":1785545075549,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that significantly impacts patients\u2019 quality of life. Photosensitivity is a key impairment that severely limits the quality of life, especially in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), where exposure to sunlight can lead to rashes, exacerbations, and pain. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), other manifestations such as joint pain, fatigue, and organ damage may contribute to decreased physical function and emotional distress. Mobile health apps (MHA) offer potential support for comprehensive disease management for the symptoms mentioned above. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis of available lupus management apps.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to systematically identify publicly available German or English MHA for lupus management as well as to assess their quality by surveying both patients and physicians.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A systematic search and assessment of German or English mobile apps for patients with lupus, available in the Google Play Store and Apple App Store, was conducted independently by two reviewers. The two apps that met all relevant criteria were then reviewed independently by seven physicians using the German Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Subsequently, they were reviewed by five patients (three with SLE and two with CLE), using the user version of MARS (uMARS) and SUS. Additionally, the Affinity for Technology Interaction (ATI) scale was collected from both patients and physicians to evaluate the technical affinity in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In total, 29 apps were available on the Apple Store and 26 on the Google Store, with 18 apps being present and downloadable on both platforms. Of the 18 apps, 16 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only two apps,\n Lupus Log<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Lupus Minder<\/jats:italic>\n met all the required criteria and were included in the study. The mean MARS scores varied from 2.61\/5 to 4.17\/5 and mean SUS from 17.5\/100 to 100\/100 between physicians. The app with the highest mean overall MARS score was\n Lupus Log<\/jats:italic>\n , which was rated with 3.91\/5 on average by the physicians. Patients evaluated the app with a comparably mean uMARS score (3.95\/5). Technical affinity, objectified by ATI, was higher in patients than physicians (3.9 vs 3.68).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Systematic identification and evaluation showed high-quality apps for patient-centered lupus MHA as indicated by MARS and uMARS scores greater than 3 for both\n Lupus Log<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Lupus Minder<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/73019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T03:05:09Z","timestamp":1773371109000},"page":"e73019-e73019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patient-Centered Lupus Erythematosus Mobile Apps: Systematic Search and Cross-Sectional Evaluation by Patients and Physicians"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6158-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tassilo","family":"Dege","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2042-9302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Ullmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2974-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Glatzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1435-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janik","family":"Flei\u00dfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7123-7934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3168-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick-Pascal","family":"Strunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3289-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Schmalzing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7095-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Goebeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6421-9699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid","family":"Schmieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1","article-title":"Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"17","author":"Barber","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00774-8","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: an update on pathogenesis and future therapeutic directions","volume":"24","author":"Niebel","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.014","article-title":"Lupus erythematosus: systemic and cutaneous manifestations","volume":"24","author":"Rothfield","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2013.07.009","article-title":"Fatigue, health-related quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"27","author":"Schmeding","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102780","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A review","volume":"20","author":"Carri\u00f3n-Barber\u00e0","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00374-0","article-title":"The patient experience of fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus: a conceptual model","volume":"9","author":"Cleanthous","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"114304","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114304","article-title":"The relevance of daylight for humans","volume":"191","author":"Wirz-Justice","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.09.023","article-title":"Perceived illness stigma is associated with depression in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"74","author":"Sehlo","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1234-1","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and anxiety in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20279","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of a psychoeducational intervention to improve outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"50","author":"Karlson","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02791-0","article-title":"Mobile health apps for systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: a critical appraisal","volume":"24","author":"Ramasamy","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319897139","article-title":"Mobile health technologies for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Dantas","journal-title":"Lupus (Los Angel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1456150","article-title":"A personal resource for technology interaction: development and validation of the Affinity for Technology Interaction (ATI) scale","volume":"35","author":"Franke","journal-title":"Int J Hum-Comput Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14991","article-title":"German mobile apps in rheumatology: review and analysis using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS)","volume":"7","author":"Knitza","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.3422","article-title":"Mobile App Rating Scale: a new tool for assessing the quality of health mobile apps","volume":"3","author":"Stoyanov","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.5849","article-title":"Development and validation of the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS)","volume":"4","author":"Stoyanov","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51592","article-title":"Patient-Centered chronic wound care mobile apps: systematic identification, analysis, and assessment","volume":"12","author":"Dege","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"8","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37290","article-title":"System Usability Scale benchmarking for digital health apps: meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Hyzy","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"7","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10222-6","article-title":"A large scale analysis of mHealth app user reviews","volume":"27","author":"Haggag","journal-title":"Empir Softw Eng"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1027667","article-title":"Detecting user experience issues from mHealth apps that support stroke caregiver needs: an analysis of user reviews","volume":"11","author":"Lobo","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","article-title":"SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python","volume":"17","author":"Virtanen","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"7825","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2649-2","article-title":"Array programming with NumPy","volume":"585","author":"Harris","journal-title":"Nature New Biol"},{"issue":"60","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03021","article-title":"seaborn: statistical data visualization","volume":"6","author":"Waskom","journal-title":"JOSS"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/69030","article-title":"Identifying and evaluating mobile and web apps for patients to manage hidradenitis suppurativa: systematic search in app stores and content analysis","volume":"13","author":"Glatzel","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"5","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/34017","article-title":"German mobile apps for patients with psoriasis: systematic search and evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Lull","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"9","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18339","article-title":"Mobile phone apps for food allergies or intolerances in app stores: systematic search and quality assessment using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS)","volume":"8","author":"Mandracchia","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7270","article-title":"Enlight: a comprehensive quality and therapeutic potential evaluation tool for mobile and web-based ehealth interventions","volume":"19","author":"Baumel","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224762","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus: 2023 update","volume":"83","author":"Fanouriakis","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22881","article-title":"Development and validation of a disease\u2010specific health\u2010related quality of life measure, the LupusQol, for adults with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"57","author":"McElhone","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"issue":"4","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu332oa","article-title":"Validation of a Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ) for population studies","volume":"12","author":"Karlson","journal-title":"Lupus (Los Angel)"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46937","article-title":"Association between the characteristics of mHealth apps and user input during development and testing: secondary analysis of app assessment data","volume":"11","author":"Frey","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Or CK Holden RJ Valdez RS . Human factors engineering and user-centered design for mobile health technology: enhancing effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. In: Human-Automation Interaction: Mobile Computing. Springer; 2022:97-118. [doi: 10.1007\/978-3-031-10788-7_6]","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-10788-7_6"},{"issue":"3","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1145\/1047671.1047677","article-title":"The state of user-centered design practice","volume":"48","author":"Mao","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"10","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/41282","article-title":"Mental health mobile apps in the French app store: assessment study of functionality and quality","volume":"10","author":"Carrouel","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"}],"container-title":["JMIR mHealth and uHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e73019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:27:08Z","timestamp":1785536828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e73019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/73019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-5222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-5222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"article-number":"v14i9e73019"}}