{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:21:51Z","timestamp":1790191311675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) leverages large language models (LLMs) that are transforming health care. Specialized ambient GenAI tools, like Nuance Dax, Speke, and Tandem Health, \u201clisten\u201d to consultations and generate clinical notes. Medical-focused models, like Med-PaLM, provide tailored health care insights. GenAI\u2019s capability to summarize complex data and generate responses in various conversational styles or literacy levels makes it particularly valuable since it has the potential to alleviate the burden of clinical documentation on health care professionals (HCPs). While GenAI may prove to be helpful, offering novel benefits, it comes with its own set of challenges. The quality of the source data can introduce biases, leading to skewed recommendations or outright false information (so-called hallucinations). In addition, due to the conversational nature of chatbot responses, users may be susceptible to misinformation, posing risks to both safety and privacy. Therefore, careful implementation and rigorous oversight are essential to ensure accuracy, ethical integrity, and alignment with clinical standards. Despite these advances, currently, no review has investigated HCPs\u2019 experiences and opinions about GenAI in clinical documentation. Yet, such a perspective is crucial to better understand how these technologies can be safely and ethically adopted and implemented in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aim to present the protocol for a scoping review exploring HCPs\u2019 experiences and opinions about GenAI and ambient scribes in clinical documentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review will be carried out following the methodological framework of Arksey and O\u2019Malley and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews) checklist. Relevant papers will be searched for in PubMed, IEEE Xplore, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science. The review will include studies published between January 2023 and September 2025. Studies will be included that represent original peer-reviewed work that explores HCPs\u2019 experiences and opinions about the use of GenAI or ambient scribes for clinical documentation. Data extraction will include publication type, country, sample characteristics, clinical setting, study aim, study design, research question, and key findings. Study quality will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results will be presented as a narrative synthesis structured along the key themes of the evidence mapped. Data will be collated and presented in charts and tabular format. Findings will be reported in a peer-reviewed scoping review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This will be the first scoping review that considers HCPs\u2019 experiences and opinions about GenAI and ambient scribes in clinical documentation. The results will clarify how HCPs use\u2014or avoid using\u2014GenAI in daily health care work. This insight will help address perceived benefits, risks, expectations, and uncertainties. It may also reveal key research gaps in the field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRR1-10.2196\/73602<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/73602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T17:40:07Z","timestamp":1754674807000},"page":"e73602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Health Care Professionals\u2019 Experiences and Opinions About Generative AI and Ambient Scribes in Clinical Documentation: Protocol for a Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0137-3434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Garcia Sanchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0908-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kharko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6839-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"H\u00e4gglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2256-7310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Riggare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0205-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Blease","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3422622"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1312.6114"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Nuance DAX20252025-07-25https:\/\/www.nuance.com\/healthcare\/dragon-ai-clinical-solutions\/dax-copilot\/infographic\/move-beyond-scribes-to-automatically-document-care.html"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"SpekeScribeAmerica20252025-02-20https:\/\/www.scribeamerica.com\/speke\/"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"AI medical scribeTandem20252025-02-20https:\/\/www.tandemhealth.ai\/"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Med-PaLMGoogle Research20252025-02-20https:\/\/sites.research.google\/med-palm\/"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12802"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055207620968355"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.65318"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241291384"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.1838"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51183"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-00474"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2023-300884"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme-2023-109574"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci12080435"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00312-1"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v28i11.13346"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3582269.3615599"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571730"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.2954"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/55766"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-025-02157-4"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/53616"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/48633"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00852-5"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.108680"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23939"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458219874641"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"DavisFDA technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: theory and results [thesis]Massachusetts Institute of Technology19852025-06-21https:\/\/dspace.mit.edu\/handle\/1721.1\/15192"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312452938"},{"key":"ref36","author":"Beeley, C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Web Application Development With R Using Shiny"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1230"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Covidence20252025-07-22https:\/\/www.covidence.org\/"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"HongQNF\u00e0breguesSBartlettGBoardmanFCargoMDagenaisPGagnonMGriffithsFNicolauBO\u2019CathainARousseauMVedelIPluyePThe Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018. Registration of Copyright (#1148552)Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Industry Canada2025-07-30http:\/\/mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com\/w\/file\/fetch\/127916259\/MMAT__criteria-manual_2018-08-01_ENG.pdf"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"25","author":"Terry, G","year":"2017","journal-title":"The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref41","first-page":"A7","volume":"59","author":"Popay, J","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"}],"container-title":["JMIR Research Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2025\/1\/e73602","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:04:23Z","timestamp":1782842663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2025\/1\/e73602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/73602","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2196\/preprints.73602","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1929-0748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1929-0748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]}}}