{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T22:39:14Z","timestamp":1792363154661,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Wearable devices enable the remote collection of health parameters, supporting the outpatient care plans recommended by the World Health Organization to manage chronic diseases. While disease-specific monitoring is accurate, a comprehensive analysis of wearables across various chronic diseases helps to standardize remote patient monitoring systems.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This review aimed to identify wearables for remote monitoring of chronic diseases, focusing on (1) wearable devices, (2) sensor types, (3) health parameters, (4) body locations, and (5) medical applications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We developed a search strategy and conducted searches across three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. After reviewing 1160 articles, we selected 61 that addressed cardiovascular, cancer, neurological, metabolic, respiratory, and other diseases. We created a data analysis method based on our 5 objectives to organize the articles for a comprehensive analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n From the 61 articles, 39 (64%) used wearable bands such as smartwatches, wristbands, armbands, and straps to monitor chronic diseases. Wearable devices commonly included various sensor types, such as accelerometers (n=39, 64%), photoplethysmographic sensors (n=18, 30%), biopotential meters (n=17, 28%), pressure meters (n=11, 18%), and thermometers (n=9, 15%). These sensors collected diverse health parameters, including acceleration (n=39, 64%), heart rate (n=24, 39%), body temperature (n=9, 15%), blood pressure (n=8, 13%), and peripheral oxygen saturation\n \n (n=7, 11%). Common sensor body locations were the wrist, followed by the upper arm and the chest. The medical applications of wearable devices were neurological (n=21, 34%) and cardiovascular diseases (n=15, 25%). Additionally, researchers applied wearable devices for wellness and lifestyle monitoring (n=39, 64%), mainly for activity (n=39, 100%) and sleep (n=10, 26%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This review underscores that wearable devices primarily function as bands, commonly worn on the wrist, to monitor chronic diseases. These devices collect data on acceleration, heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and\n \n peripheral oxygen saturation, with a focus on neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Our findings provide a foundational road map for designing generalized remote patient monitoring systems to manage multimorbidity and support standardized terminology for interoperability across digital health systems. To translate this into practice, we recommend that future research prioritize pragmatic clinical trials with medically certified devices.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/74071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T21:30:06Z","timestamp":1764106206000},"page":"e74071-e74071","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Wearable Devices for Remote Monitoring of Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3156-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masresha Derese","family":"Tegegne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7577-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharareh Rostam","family":"Niakan Kalhori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3306-8451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3156-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor MG","family":"Sobotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-4100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Warnecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3492-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas M","family":"Deserno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Noncommunicable diseases. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe; 2011. URL: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/ac06aa4f-119b-45ed-bfd6-b54fdbdc4f21\/content [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nccdphp\/index.html [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Fast facts: health and economic costs of chronic conditions. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/chronic-disease\/data-research\/facts-stats\/index.html [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"issue":"18","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540180029029","volume":"276","author":"Hoffman","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.32.7.475","article-title":"The new chronic patient and the system of community care","volume":"32","author":"Caton","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-216","article-title":"Patient related factors in frequent readmissions: the influence of condition, access to services and patient choice","volume":"10","author":"Kirby","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-005-0015-7","article-title":"The WHO report \u201cPreventing chronic diseases: a vital investment\u201d and us","volume":"51","author":"Morabia","journal-title":"Soz Praventivmed"},{"issue":"33","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201706910","article-title":"Wearables in medicine","volume":"30","author":"Yetisen","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"issue":"12","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10837","DOI":"10.3390\/s101210837","article-title":"Detecting vital signs with wearable wireless sensors","volume":"10","author":"Yilmaz","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/oncol.2012.e7","article-title":"Benefits of remote real-time side-effect monitoring systems for patients receiving cancer treatment","volume":"6","author":"Kofoed","journal-title":"Oncol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2009.0009","article-title":"The application of remote monitoring to improve health outcomes to a rural area","volume":"15","author":"Hicks","journal-title":"Telemed J E Health"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-015-0856-x","article-title":"Information and communications technologies for elderly ubiquitous healthcare in a smart home","volume":"19","author":"Deen","journal-title":"Pers Ubiquit Comput"},{"issue":"7","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0760-1","article-title":"A systematic review of wearable patient monitoring systems - current challenges and opportunities for clinical adoption","volume":"41","author":"Baig","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-9-21","article-title":"A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation","volume":"9","author":"Patel","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.104163","article-title":"A review of wearable and unobtrusive sensing technologies for chronic disease management","volume":"129","author":"Guo","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.788165","article-title":"Editorial: wearable sensors for remote health monitoring and intelligent disease management","volume":"3","author":"Fortune","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"issue":"39","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_238919","article-title":"The future of wearable technologies and remote monitoring in health care","volume":"39","author":"Liao","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"R18","unstructured":"Apple Health. Apple. URL: https:\/\/www.apple.com\/health\/ [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R19","unstructured":"HealthKit. Apple Developer. 2024. URL: https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/design\/human-interface-guidelines\/healthkit [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"Google Fit. Google. 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.google.com\/fit\/ [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R21","unstructured":"Azure Health Data Services. Microsoft Azure. 2024. URL: https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/products\/health-data-services [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R22","unstructured":"AWS HealthLake. Amazon Web Services. 2024. URL: https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/de\/healthlake\/ [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"Biofourmis. 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.biofourmis.com\/ [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SHTI220061","article-title":"Mobilemicroservices architecture for remote monitoring of patients: a feasibility study","volume":"290","author":"Ruokolainen","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9175742","article-title":"DoMoMEA: a home-based telerehabilitation system for stroke patients","volume":"2020","author":"Zedda","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051806","article-title":"Development of a low-cost, modular muscle-computer interface for at-home telerehabilitation for chronic stroke","volume":"21","author":"Marin-Pardo","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23062877","article-title":"iTex gloves: design and in-home evaluation of an e-textile glove system for tele-assessment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Ravichandran","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/32934","article-title":"Utilization of a smart sock for the remote monitoring of patients with peripheral neuropathy: cross-sectional study of a real-world registry","volume":"6","author":"Scholten","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000522185","article-title":"Objective home-monitoring of physical activity, cardiovascular parameters, and sleep in pediatric obesity","volume":"6","author":"Knijff","journal-title":"Digit Biomark"},{"issue":"1","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010130","article-title":"Wearable sensors for remote health monitoring","volume":"17","author":"Majumder","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"21","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19214764","article-title":"An integrated multisensor approach for the remote monitoring of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Albani","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2020.0396","article-title":"Remote application and use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring by adults with type 2 diabetes in a virtual diabetes clinic","volume":"23","author":"Bergenstal","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/31230","article-title":"Continuous mHealth patch monitoring for the algorithm-based detection of atrial fibrillation: feasibility and diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"6","author":"Santala","journal-title":"JMIR Cardio"},{"issue":"6","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2023.07.002","article-title":"Effects of personalized exercise prescriptions and social media delivered through mobile health on cancer survivors\u2019 physical activity and quality of life","volume":"12","author":"Gao","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/24946","article-title":"Evaluation of a digitally guided self-rehabilitation device coupled with telerehabilitation monitoring in patients with Parkinson disease (TELEP@RK): open, prospective observational study","volume":"10","author":"Blanc","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"issue":"5","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X20937573","article-title":"The use of wearable devices in chronic disease management to enhance adherence and improve telehealth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Kamei","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"12","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/28285","article-title":"Remote monitoring systems for patients with chronic diseases in primary health care: systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Peyroteo","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/24570","article-title":"Digital medicine community perspectives and challenges: survey study","volume":"9","author":"Bent","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"10","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000104","article-title":"Challenges and recommendations for wearable devices in digital health: data quality, interoperability, health equity, fairness","volume":"1","author":"Canali","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12861","article-title":"Wearable health technology and electronic health record integration: scoping review and future directions","volume":"7","author":"Dinh-Le","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"7","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/36690","article-title":"The influence of wearables on health care outcomes in chronic disease: systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Mattison","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3390\/computers13120326","article-title":"Exploring the design for wearability of wearable devices: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Seo","journal-title":"Computers"},{"issue":"1","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-021-00107-x","article-title":"Advances in healthcare wearable devices","volume":"5","author":"Iqbal","journal-title":"NPJ Flex Electron"},{"issue":"5","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi16050522","article-title":"Advancements in wearable and implantable BioMEMS devices: transforming healthcare through technology","volume":"16","author":"Abhinav","journal-title":"Micromachines (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1109\/t-uffc.1987.26922","article-title":"A sensor classification scheme","volume":"34","author":"White","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"R47","first-page":"269","volume":"8","author":"Kim","journal-title":"ICIC express Lett Part B Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2217\/pme-2018-0044","article-title":"Wearables and the medical revolution","volume":"15","author":"Dunn","journal-title":"Per Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051502","article-title":"A systematic review on the use of wearable body sensors for health monitoring: a qualitative synthesis","volume":"20","author":"Kristoffersson","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06122-y","article-title":"Quality assessment with diverse studies (QuADS): an appraisal tool for methodological and reporting quality in systematic reviews of mixed- or multi-method studies","volume":"21","author":"Harrison","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100637","article-title":"Epidemiology, risk factors and measures for preventing drowning in Africa: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Miller","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"3","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030653","article-title":"A low-cost breath analyzer module in domiciliary non-invasive mechanical ventilation for remote COPD patient monitoring","volume":"20","author":"Radogna","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-020-00147-8","article-title":"Efficacy of telemedicine for persons with type 1 diabetes during Covid19 lockdown","volume":"11","author":"Boscari","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16414","article-title":"Feasibility and utility of mHealth for the remote monitoring of Parkinson disease: ancillary study of the PD_manager randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Gatsios","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"6","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968211024620","article-title":"An integrated mobile platform for automated data collection and real-time patient monitoring in diabetes clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Cappon","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.2978197","article-title":"A heterogeneous sensing suite for multisymptom quantification of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Huo","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51507","article-title":"Evaluating a remote monitoring program for respiratory diseases: prospective observational study","volume":"7","author":"Althobiani","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071938","article-title":"Tele-monitoring of cancer patients\u2019 rhythms during daily life identifies actionable determinants of circadian and sleep disruption","volume":"12","author":"L\u00e9vi","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051717","article-title":"Monitoring of dynamic plantar foot temperatures in diabetes with personalised 3D-printed wearables","volume":"21","author":"Beach","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0011","article-title":"Successful at-home use of the tandem control-IQ artificial pancreas system in young children during a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Forlenza","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooaa011","article-title":"Biomedical REAl-Time Health Evaluation (BREATHE): toward an mHealth informatics platform","volume":"3","author":"Bui","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006513","article-title":"Continuous wearable monitoring analytics predict heart failure hospitalization: the LINK-HF multicenter study","volume":"13","author":"Stehlik","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22931","article-title":"Remote monitoring of the performance status and burden of symptoms of patients with gastrointestinal cancer via a consumer-based activity tracker: quantitative cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Ghods","journal-title":"JMIR Cancer"},{"key":"R64","volume":"2021","author":"Peterson","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2022.3226368","article-title":"Performing dynamic weight-shifting balance exercises with a smartphone-based wearable telerehabilitation system for home use by individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"31","author":"Lee","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2021.04.003","article-title":"Electrographic seizure monitoring with a novel, wireless, single-channel EEG sensor","volume":"6","author":"Frankel","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242210","article-title":"Integrating remote monitoring into heart failure patients\u2019 care regimen: a pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Sohn","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/43008","article-title":"Gait device treatment using telehealth for individuals with stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic: nonrandomized pilot feasibility study","volume":"7","author":"Darcy","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvdhj.2021.05.003","article-title":"Heart rate trajectories in patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction: a longitudinal analysis of Apple Watch heart rate recordings","volume":"2","author":"Weng","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Digit Health J"},{"issue":"10","key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.06.016","article-title":"Use of wearable technology in remote evaluation of acute stroke patients: feasibility and reliability of a Google glass-based device","volume":"28","author":"Noorian","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740480","article-title":"Continuous remote patient monitoring: evaluation of the heart failure cascade soft launch","volume":"12","author":"Chi","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2022.100250","article-title":"Deploying digital health technologies for remote physical activity monitoring of rural populations with chronic neurologic disease","volume":"5","author":"Waddell","journal-title":"Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl"},{"issue":"1","key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03466-2","article-title":"Remote at-home wearable-based gait assessments in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy compared to Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"23","author":"Sharma","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/24509","article-title":"Testing the feasibility of sensor-based home health monitoring (TEC4Home) to support the convalescence of patients with heart failure: pre-post study","volume":"5","author":"Ho","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37280","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation detection with an analog smartwatch: prospective clinical study and algorithm validation","volume":"6","author":"Campo","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218877","article-title":"WATCH-BPM-comparison of a WATCH-type blood pressure monitor with a conventional ambulatory blood pressure monitor and auscultatory sphygmomanometry","volume":"23","author":"Vaseekaran","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"18","key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19183969","article-title":"Enabling heart self-monitoring for all and for AAL-portable device within a complete telemedicine system","volume":"19","author":"Bleda","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00650-2","article-title":"Home-based cardio-oncology rehabilitation using a telerehabilitation platform in hematological cancer survivors: a feasibility study","volume":"15","author":"Filakova","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"22","key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225435","article-title":"Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator used as a telemonitoring system in a real-life heart failure unit setting","volume":"10","author":"Blockhaus","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/43979","article-title":"Supporting the management of gestational diabetes mellitus with comprehensive self-tracking: mixed methods study of wearable sensors","volume":"8","author":"Kyt\u00f6","journal-title":"JMIR Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2019.0342","article-title":"Mobile health technologies for continuous monitoring of cancer patients in palliative care aiming to predict health status deterioration: a feasibility study","volume":"23","author":"Pavic","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1159\/000501433","article-title":"Feasibility and usability aspects of continuous remote monitoring of health status in palliative cancer patients using wearables","volume":"98","author":"Pavic","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park, NY)"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2022.100306","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of sensor-augmented pump therapy (Minimed 640G system) combined with a telemedicine follow-up in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real life study","volume":"30","author":"Notemi","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12425","article-title":"Designing meaningful outcome parameters using mobile technology: a new mobile application for telemonitoring of patients with heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Werhahn","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"16","key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167055","article-title":"Wearable and noninvasive device for integral congestive heart failure management in the IoMT paradigm","volume":"23","author":"Aus\u00edn","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"21","key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217054","article-title":"Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator-measured step count for the surveillance of physical fitness during cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"21","author":"Kovacs","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1326640","article-title":"Monipar: movement data collection tool to monitor motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease using smartwatches and smartphones","volume":"14","author":"Sigcha","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582211030956","article-title":"Chronic patient remote monitoring through the application of big data and internet of things","volume":"27","author":"Morales-Botello","journal-title":"Health Informatics J"},{"issue":"1","key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15874-4","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Roche PD mobile application for remote monitoring of early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Lipsmeier","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"R90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13463","DOI":"10.2196\/13463","article-title":"An assessment of physical activity data collected via a smartphone app and a smart band in breast cancer survivors: observational study","volume":"21","author":"Chung","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"R91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17216","article-title":"Development and clinical evaluation of a web-based upper limb home rehabilitation system using a smartwatch and machine learning model for chronic stroke survivors: prospective comparative study","volume":"8","author":"Chae","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"7","key":"R92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073654","article-title":"Assessment of a 16-channel ambulatory dry electrode EEG for remote monitoring","volume":"23","author":"Shivaraja","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztac024","article-title":"Daily ambulatory remote monitoring system for drug escalation in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: pilot phase of DAVID-HF study","volume":"3","author":"Wong","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Digit Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.14740\/cr1569","article-title":"Is the blood pressure-enabled smartwatch ready to drive precision medicine? Supporting findings from a validation study","volume":"14","author":"Lee","journal-title":"Cardiol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10737","article-title":"Change in waist circumference with continuous use of a smart belt: an observational study","volume":"7","author":"Lee","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1049\/htl2.12010","article-title":"A remote healthcare monitoring framework for diabetes prediction using machine learning","volume":"8","author":"Ramesh","journal-title":"Healthc Technol Lett"},{"key":"R97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/42250","article-title":"Remote monitoring of colorectal cancer survivors using a smartphone app and internet of things-based device: development and usability study","volume":"9","author":"Ayyoubzadeh","journal-title":"JMIR Cancer"},{"key":"R98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40416","article-title":"Clinical study of a wearable remote rehabilitation training system for patients with stroke: randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"11","author":"Guo","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"4","key":"R99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/11989","article-title":"Wearable-based mobile health app in gastric cancer patients for postoperative physical activity monitoring: focus group study","volume":"7","author":"Wu","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/38367","article-title":"A digital educational intervention with wearable activity trackers to support health behaviors among childhood cancer survivors: pilot feasibility and acceptability study","volume":"8","author":"Ha","journal-title":"JMIR Cancer"},{"key":"R101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231153737","article-title":"Usability of a wearable device for home-based upper limb telerehabilitation in persons with stroke: a mixed-methods study","volume":"9","author":"Toh","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"R102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520290054029","article-title":"Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"273","author":"Pate","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01036","article-title":"Monitoring motor symptoms during activities of daily living in individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Thorp","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"R104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6091674","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a study with full-body motion capture data","volume":"2011","author":"Das","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1439-8","article-title":"Wearable sensor-based objective assessment of motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"123","author":"Ossig","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"R106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-12-33","article-title":"Motor recovery monitoring using acceleration measurements in post acute stroke patients","volume":"12","author":"Gubbi","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 3","key":"R107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S255","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31826bcdc1","article-title":"Robotic assessment of upper limb motor function after stroke","volume":"91","author":"Balasubramanian","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dadhania S Williams M . Wearable accelerometers in cancer patients. In: Lim CP Chen YW Vaidya A Mahorkar C Jain LC , editors. Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Vol 2: Practicalities and Prospects. Springer International Publishing; 2022:109-147. [doi: 10.1007\/978-3-030-83620-7_5] ISBN: 978-3-030-83620-7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-83620-7_5"},{"issue":"6","key":"R109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.12.008","article-title":"The vital signs of chronic disease management","volume":"103","author":"Harries","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"7","key":"R110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1362-x","article-title":"Real-time remote-health monitoring systems: a review on patients prioritisation for multiple-chronic diseases, taxonomy analysis, concerns and solution procedure","volume":"43","author":"Mohammed","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"R111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9965226","article-title":"Real-time remote patient monitoring and alarming system for noncommunicable lifestyle diseases","volume":"2023","author":"Ko","journal-title":"Int J Telemed Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"R112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23681","article-title":"The effect of sensor placement and number on physical activity recognition and energy expenditure estimation in older adults: validation study","volume":"9","author":"Davoudi","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"R113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2023.100154","article-title":"A scoping review of wrist-worn wearables in education","volume":"5","author":"Schroeder","journal-title":"Comput Educ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"R114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9157","article-title":"Using fitness trackers and smartwatches to measure physical activity in research: analysis of consumer wrist-worn wearables","volume":"20","author":"Henriksen","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-010-9505-0","article-title":"Relationship between measurement site and motion artifacts in wearable reflected photoplethysmography","volume":"35","author":"Maeda","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"R116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.867033","article-title":"Golden standard or obsolete method? Review of ECG applications in clinical and experimental context","volume":"13","author":"Stracina","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"R117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2020.04.017","article-title":"Continuous heart rhythm monitoring using mobile photoplethysmography in ambulatory patients","volume":"60","author":"Hochstadt","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"R118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1325-2","article-title":"Pilot study assessing the influence of skin type on the heart rate measurements obtained by photoplethysmography with the Apple watch","volume":"43","author":"Sa\u00f1udo","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"R119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82124-4","article-title":"Synthetic photoplethysmography (PPG) of the radial artery through parallelized Monte Carlo and its correlation to body mass index (BMI)","volume":"11","author":"Boonya-Ananta","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"R120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-013-9436-7","article-title":"Influence of skin type and wavelength on light wave reflectance","volume":"27","author":"Fallow","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"R121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halloran S Tang L Guan Y Shi JQ Eyre J . Remote monitoring of stroke patients\u2019 rehabilitation using wearable accelerometers. Presented at: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers; Sep 9-13, 2019:72-77; London, United Kingdom. [doi: 10.1145\/3341163.3347731]","DOI":"10.1145\/3341163.3347731"},{"issue":"11","key":"R122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113247","article-title":"Fifteen years of wireless sensors for balance assessment in neurological disorders","volume":"20","author":"Zampogna","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3092875","article-title":"Human gait analysis in neurodegenerative diseases: a review","volume":"26","author":"Cicirelli","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"issue":"4","key":"R124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"23","author":"Steinmetz","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R125","unstructured":"The Lancet Neurology: neurological conditions now leading cause of ill health and disability globally, affecting 34 billion people worldwide. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Mar 14, 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/news-events\/newsroom\/news-releases\/lancet-neurology-neurological-conditions-now-leading-cause-ill [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R126","unstructured":"New study reveals latest data on global burden of cardiovascular disease. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Dec 11, 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/news-events\/newsroom\/news-releases\/new-study-reveals-latest-data-global-burden-cardiovascular [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R127","unstructured":"WHO action framework for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. World Health Organization; 2006. URL: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2017-06\/Action%20Framework%20for%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Control%20of%20Chronic%20Disease.pdf [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.08.015","article-title":"Wearable technology and physical activity in chronic disease: opportunities and challenges","volume":"54","author":"Phillips","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0319-2","article-title":"Patient-centered activity monitoring in the self-management of chronic health conditions","volume":"13","author":"Chiauzzi","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"R130","first-page":"537","volume":"161","author":"Adami","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"issue":"1","key":"R131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2019.08.006","article-title":"Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: a brief review","volume":"1","author":"Anderson","journal-title":"Sports Med Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"R132","first-page":"325","volume":"8","author":"Kruk","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"R133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S351","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00003","article-title":"Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: an evidence-based symposium","volume":"33","author":"Kesaniemi","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"R134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095786","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension: narrative review of 27 RCTs","volume":"50","author":"B\u00f6rjesson","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2001.22184","article-title":"Physical activity and health-related quality of life in liver transplant recipients","volume":"7","author":"Painter","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"1","key":"R136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-37","article-title":"Physical activity is related to quality of life in older adults","volume":"4","author":"Acree","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"R137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-68","article-title":"The impact of regular physical activity on fatigue, depression and quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Stroud","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"3","key":"R138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.237.193","article-title":"Physical activity program is helpful for improving quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"237","author":"Bogdanovic","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"R139","unstructured":"About sleep and your heart health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 15, 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/heart-disease\/about\/sleep-and-heart-health.html [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R140","unstructured":"New evidence on sleep\u2019s role in aging and chronic disease. Population Reference Bureau; 2018. URL: https:\/\/www.prb.org\/resources\/new-evidence-on-sleeps-role-in-aging-and-chronic-disease\/ [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01182-w","article-title":"A systematic review of the impacts of remote patient monitoring (RPM) interventions on safety, adherence, quality-of-life and cost-related outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Tan","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"R142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.68921","article-title":"The role of wearable devices in chronic disease monitoring and patient care: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Jafleh","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"R143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-017-0598-x","article-title":"Remote patient monitoring: a comprehensive study","volume":"10","author":"Malasinghe","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Human Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"R144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020573","article-title":"A systematic review of wearable sensors for monitoring physical activity","volume":"22","author":"Kristoffersson","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"21","key":"R145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11212897","article-title":"Technologies for managing the health of older adults with multiple chronic conditions: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"Cajamarca","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"R146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd22.240539","article-title":"Trends in multiple chronic conditions among US adults, by life stage, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013-2023","volume":"22","author":"Watson","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"R147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2021.12.001","article-title":"Economic evaluations of remote patient monitoring for chronic disease: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"De Guzman","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"R148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1502260","article-title":"Interoperability of telemonitoring data in digital health solutions: a scoping review","volume":"7","author":"Martins","journal-title":"Front Digit Health"},{"key":"R149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/53535","article-title":"Semantic interoperability of electronic health records: systematic review of alternative approaches for enhancing patient information availability","volume":"12","author":"Palojoki","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"key":"R150","unstructured":"International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). World Health Organization. 2022. URL: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/en\/ [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R151","unstructured":"SNOMED International. URL: https:\/\/www.snomed.org\/ [Accessed 06-01-2026]"},{"key":"R152","unstructured":"LONIC. URL: https:\/\/loinc.org\/ [Accessed 06-01-2026]"}],"container-title":["JMIR mHealth and uHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e74071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:05:03Z","timestamp":1782842703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e74071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":152,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/74071","relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-5222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-5222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"article-number":"v14i18e74071"}}