{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:44:37Z","timestamp":1785545077053,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Hum Factors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contact-based interventions, where individuals share their lived experiences of mental health difficulties and recovery, appear effective in reducing stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the effectiveness of a brief digitized contact-based intervention in reducing mental health stigma and improving help-seeking intentions in young adults. The study also sought a deeper understanding of the perspectives of young adults toward the contact-based intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed methods study, using quantitative and qualitative analyses, examined mental health public stigma, self-stigma, and help-seeking attitudes in undergraduate psychology students (N=328) before, immediately after, and 1 week following the contact-based intervention, compared to an active control. The intervention comprised a brief video (8 min) of a mental health consumer sharing their lived experience of mental health difficulties and their recovery. Participants were invited to participate in a subsequent semistructured interview (n=12) that further explored their perspectives on the contact-based intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relative to control participants, those in the intervention group reported small improvements in mental health public stigma and help-seeking intentions using formal sources of help; however, this was not maintained at 1-week follow-up. There was limited evidence that the intervention improved self-stigma or help-seeking intentions using informal sources of help. Improvements in self-stigma were not evident following the intervention, but were observed 1 week later. Additional exploratory analyses showed that participants with high mental distress were more likely to provide negative evaluations of the intervention in terms of the helpfulness of the videos, relatability to the speaker, and showed a decrease in their desire to seek help from friends and family following the videos, compared to those with low mental health distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although this brief digitized contact-based intervention holds promise as an easily disseminated strategy for young adults to reduce mental health public stigma and improve formal help-seeking intentions, these effects show that overall improvements in public stigma and formal help-seeking intentions were short-lived. Furthermore, the potential negative impact of the intervention on informal help-seeking intentions in those with high mental health distress suggests a need to tailor interventions for young adults with high levels of anxiety or depression. The study has important implications for designing brief contact-based interventions and what young adults would benefit from the most over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/74391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:11:17Z","timestamp":1781111477000},"page":"e74391-e74391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of a Brief Digitized Contact-Based Intervention in Improving Mental Health Stigma and Help-Seeking in Young Adults: Mixed Methods Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6033-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabel","family":"Songco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9297-6276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Dahora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0199-1227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Essen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0831-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Mackinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0690-0400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Sicouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7246-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Pellicano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5778-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000129","article-title":"What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies","volume":"45","author":"Clement","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.189464","article-title":"Association between mental health-related stigma and active help-seeking: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Schnyder","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009453.pub2","article-title":"Mass media interventions for reducing mental health-related stigma","volume":"2013","author":"Clement","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10023","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00298-6","article-title":"Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination","volume":"387","author":"Thornicroft","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201100529","article-title":"Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies","volume":"63","author":"Corrigan","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Allport G . The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co; 1954. ISBN: 9780201001754"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101749","article-title":"Intergroup contact and mental health stigma: a comparative effectiveness meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Maunder","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.05.017","article-title":"Interventions to reduce stigma towards people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Morgan","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.09.008","article-title":"Can video interventions be used to effectively destigmatize mental illness among young people? A systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Janou\u0161kov\u00e1","journal-title":"Eur psychiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09751-4","article-title":"Interventions to reduce stigma related to mental illnesses in educational institutes: a systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Waqas","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.12.017","article-title":"Social contact as a strategy for self-stigma reduction in young adults and adolescents with mental health problems","volume":"260","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Hidalgo","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-81","article-title":"A systematic review of help-seeking interventions for depression, anxiety and general psychological distress","volume":"12","author":"Gulliver","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2020.1842417","article-title":"Efficacy of contact intervention videos on college students\u2019 intentions toward mental health help-seeking","volume":"70","author":"Kruger","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02960-y","article-title":"The potential impact of an anti-stigma intervention on mental health help-seeking attitudes among university students","volume":"20","author":"Shahwan","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1571-5","article-title":"Measuring attitudes towards mental health using social media: investigating stigma and trivialisation","volume":"54","author":"Robinson","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10258","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000183","article-title":"Stigma and anxiety disorders: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Curcio","journal-title":"Stigma Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000537","article-title":"Comparing self-stigma between people with different mental disorders in Taiwan","volume":"204","author":"Chang","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1459-9","article-title":"Effects of contact-based mental illness stigma reduction programs: age, gender, and Asian, Latino, and White American differences","volume":"53","author":"Wong","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corrigan P Roe D Tsang H . Challenging the Stigma of Mental Illness: Lessons for Therapists and Advocates. John Wiley & Sons; 2011. ISBN: 0470683600","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470977507"},{"issue":"2","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1037\/h0094974","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of NAMI\u2019s consumer presentation program, In Our Own Voice","volume":"36","author":"Brennan","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.10.027","article-title":"Differential response to contact-based stigma reduction programs: perceived quality and personal experience matter","volume":"259","author":"Cerully","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","article-title":"Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis","volume":"11","author":"Braun","journal-title":"Qual Res Sport Exerc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-184","article-title":"The Generalised Anxiety Stigma Scale (GASS): psychometric properties in a community sample","volume":"11","author":"Griffiths","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29657","article-title":"The short\u2010form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS\u201021): construct validity and normative data in a large non\u2010clinical sample","volume":"44","author":"Henry","journal-title":"British J Clinic Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796015000220","article-title":"Predictors of personal, perceived and self-stigma towards anxiety and depression","volume":"25","author":"Busby Grant","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033555","article-title":"Disentangling self-stigma: are mental illness and help-seeking self-stigmas different?","volume":"60","author":"Tucker","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22583","article-title":"Self-stigma and the intention to seek psychological help online compared to face-to-face","volume":"74","author":"Wallin","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R29","first-page":"15","volume":"39","author":"Wilson","journal-title":"Can J Couns"},{"issue":"7","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.1058","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and help-negation: not just hopelessness or prior help","volume":"57","author":"Deane","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-u","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033100","article-title":"Assessing clinical significance of treatment outcomes using the DASS-21","volume":"25","author":"Ronk","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J . Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988. [doi: 10.1049\/cm.1988.0027]","DOI":"10.1049\/cm.1988.0027"},{"issue":"13","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211068780","article-title":"Receipt of evidence-based care for children and adolescents with anxiety in Australia","volume":"56","author":"Gandhi","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/jpr.12091","article-title":"Predictors of help\u2010seeking behavior: distinction between help\u2010seeking intentions and help\u2010seeking behavior","volume":"57","author":"Nagai","journal-title":"Jpn Psychol Res"}],"container-title":["JMIR Human Factors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e74391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:27:06Z","timestamp":1785536826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/humanfactors.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e74391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/74391","relation":{},"ISSN":["2292-9495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2292-9495","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"article-number":"v13i1e74391"}}