{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:22:27Z","timestamp":1790734947810,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Ment Health"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Participating in leisure and social activities can alleviate depression symptoms, yet effective strategies to enhance enjoyment and maintain long-term engagement remain scarce. Gaining insight into the reward subcomponents that influence daily experiences and drive behavior could uncover novel targets for intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study examines the role of anticipation and motivation in predicting enjoyment and engagement in leisure activities and socializing among young people, and how these relationships are moderated by depression severity, using intensive longitudinal ecological momentary assessments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Participants (N=80; mean age 20, SD 2.3 years) used the Psymate2 smartphone app to report mood, enjoyment, current and anticipated activities, and social company 7 times daily for 6 days. Activity categories were relaxation, exercise, other leisure, work or school, studying, chores, shopping, hygiene, eating or drinking, and traveling, and company categories were partner, friends, family, colleagues, acquaintances, strangers, and nobody. Anticipation (anticipatory pleasure and expectation) and motivation (interest and preference) for upcoming activities were rated on Likert scales. Participants were grouped by depression severity, measured using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ): high (HD, MFQ \u226527, N=42), moderate (MD, MFQ 16\u201027, N=16), and low, that is, controls (C, MFQ \u226416, N=22). Totally, 2316 assessments met inclusion criteria.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Leisure activities (relaxation, exercise, and other leisure) and social company (partner, friends, and family) were rated most enjoyable across all groups. Higher depression symptoms were associated with reduced enjoyment of studying (\u03b2=\u2212.03;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.005), eating or drinking (\u03b2=\u2212.02;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.02), and other leisure activities (\u03b2=\u2212.02;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.02), as well as lower engagement in work or school (\u03b2=\u2212.26;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.02) and hygiene (\u03b2=\u2212.08;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.03), and increased inactivity (\u03b2=.17;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.03). Time-lagged multilevel analyses showed that anticipatory pleasure predicted greater enjoyment across all activities (\u03b2=.12;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001) and social contexts (\u03b2=.33;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001), with consistent effects in controls and the high depression group. However, the more an activity was expected to happen, the less enjoyment was experienced in the whole sample (\u03b2=\u2212.006;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.001) and high depression group (\u03b2=\u2212.008;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.001) but not controls. Anticipatory pleasure and motivation (preference) predicted leisure engagement in the whole sample (\u03b2=.19,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.003; \u03b2=.11,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001) and controls (\u03b2=.43,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.005; \u03b2=.17,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.048) but not the depression groups. Anticipatory pleasure predicted only leisure engagement in the high depression group when predictors and outcomes were matched for the same event (\u03b2=.22;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.001). Anticipatory pleasure predicted social engagement in the whole sample (\u03b2=.095;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.047) and controls (\u03b2=.34;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.003), but not in the depression groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n These findings highlight the importance of anticipatory pleasure and intrinsic motivation in shaping young people\u2019s engagement and enjoyment of daily activities. Structured or externally driven contexts may dampen enjoyment\u2014especially among those with depression\u2014underscoring the need for novel interventions targeting anticipation and motivation to enhance sustained participation in rewarding activities, leading to improved well-being in individuals with depression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/74427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T21:21:25Z","timestamp":1755120085000},"page":"e74427-e74427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anticipation and Motivation as Predictors of Leisure and Social Enjoyment and Engagement in Young People With Depression Symptoms: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1137-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angad","family":"Sahni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8704-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciara","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002888","article-title":"A heavy burden on young minds: the global burden of mental and substance use disorders in children and youth","volume":"45","author":"Erskine","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30281-0","article-title":"Youth depression: are two treatments better than one?","volume":"6","author":"Vitiello","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/29.3.290","article-title":"The relationship between age and engagement in pleasant activities","volume":"29","author":"Lewinsohn","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037467","article-title":"Depression as a function of levels of desired and obtained pleasure","volume":"83","author":"MacPhillamy","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104535","article-title":"The origins and current status of behavioral activation treatments for depression","volume":"7","author":"Dimidjian","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.004","article-title":"Assessing anhedonia in depression: potentials and pitfalls","volume":"65","author":"Rizvi","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"10119","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30142-9","article-title":"The growing problem of loneliness","volume":"391","author":"Cacioppo","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113648","article-title":"The burden of loneliness: Implications of the social determinants of health during COVID-19","volume":"296","author":"McQuaid","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001102","article-title":"The development of loneliness through adolescence and young adulthood: Its nature, correlates, and midlife outcomes","volume":"56","author":"von Soest","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-024-02722-1","article-title":"Social connection interventions and depression in young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Alvarez","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004366.pub6","article-title":"Exercise for depression","volume":"2013","author":"Cooney","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0609","article-title":"Association between physical activity and risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Pearce","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"18","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106195","article-title":"Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"57","author":"Singh","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21224","article-title":"Social connection as a critical factor for mental and physical health: evidence, trends, challenges, and future implications","volume":"23","author":"Holt-Lunstad","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-9-28","article-title":"Relationships of leisure-time and non-leisure-time physical activity with depressive symptoms: a population-based study of Taiwanese older adults","volume":"9","author":"Chen","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"5","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.075176","article-title":"Physical activity and common mental disorders","volume":"197","author":"Harvey","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.09.008","article-title":"A cohort study of leisure time physical activity and depression","volume":"51","author":"Mikkelsen","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114703","article-title":"Engagement in leisure activities and depression in older adults in the United States: longitudinal evidence from the health and retirement study","volume":"294","author":"Bone","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1123\/jcsp.2.2.95","article-title":"The relationship between depression and occupational, household, and leisure-time physical activity","volume":"2","author":"Lin","journal-title":"J Clin Sport Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2012.10.001","article-title":"Physical activity and depression: a multiple mediation analysis","volume":"5","author":"Pickett","journal-title":"Ment Health Phys Act"},{"issue":"3","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.11.001","article-title":"Behavioral activation treatments of depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Cuijpers","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.12.033","article-title":"Engagement in socially and interpersonally rewarding activities as a predictor of outcome in \u201cengage\u201d behavioral activation therapy for late-life depression","volume":"27","author":"Solomonov","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1037\/1522-3736.3.1.323a","article-title":"A component analysis of cognitive\u2013behavioral treatment for depression","volume":"64","author":"Jacobson","journal-title":"Prev Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000509820","article-title":"How does behavioural activation work? A systematic review of the evidence on potential mediators","volume":"90","author":"Janssen","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101860","article-title":"New directions in behavioral activation: using findings from basic science and translational neuroscience to inform the exploration of potential mechanisms of change","volume":"79","author":"Forbes","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/s0959-4388(96)80077-8","article-title":"Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation","volume":"6","author":"Robbins","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00233-9","article-title":"Parsing reward","volume":"26","author":"Berridge","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721410377599","article-title":"Emotion in schizophrenia: where feeling meets thinking","volume":"19","author":"Kring","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.06.007","article-title":"The motivation and pleasure dimension of negative symptoms: neural substrates and behavioral outputs","volume":"24","author":"Kring","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-019-00186-1","article-title":"Can understanding reward help illuminate anhedonia?","volume":"6","author":"Kaya","journal-title":"Curr Behav Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.2139","article-title":"Reward-processing behavior in depressed participants relative to healthy volunteers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Halahakoon","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masselink M van Roekel E Heininga VE Vrijen C Oldehinkel A . Domains of pleasure scale (DOPS): assessing pleasure across domains. Preprint posted online on 2019. [doi: 10.31219\/osf.io\/bu7z5]","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/bu7z5"},{"issue":"3","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0105","article-title":"Anhedonia, but not irritability, is associated with illness severity outcomes in adolescent major depression","volume":"25","author":"Gabbay","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20327","article-title":"Measuring hedonic capacity in depression: a psychometric analysis of three anhedonia scales","volume":"62","author":"Leventhal","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116681416","article-title":"Blunted neural response to anticipation, effort and consummation of reward and aversion in adolescents with depression symptomatology","volume":"31","author":"Rzepa","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.68","article-title":"Dimensional anhedonia and the adolescent brain: reward and aversion anticipation, effort and consummation","volume":"5","author":"Rzepa","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1177\/02724316231207290","article-title":"Assessing anhedonia in adolescents: the psychometric properties and validity of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale","volume":"44","author":"Hewitt","journal-title":"J Early Adolesc"},{"issue":"5","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191119869836","article-title":"The Positive Valence Systems Scale: Development and Validation","volume":"27","author":"Khazanov","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"10","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722001052","article-title":"Objective measures of reward sensitivity and motivation in people with high low anhedonia","volume":"53","author":"Slaney","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.109903","article-title":"Associations between individual differences in approach motivation and effort-based task performance","volume":"169","author":"Olino","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"8","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006598","article-title":"Worth the \u201cEEfRT\u201d? The effort expenditure for rewards task as an objective measure of motivation and anhedonia","volume":"4","author":"Treadway","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.08.056","article-title":"Motivational deficits in effort-based decision making in individuals with subsyndromal depression, first-episode and remitted depression patients","volume":"220","author":"Yang","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.07.001","article-title":"Linking anhedonia symptoms with behavioural and neural reward responses in adolescent depression","volume":"22","author":"McCabe","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004947","article-title":"Experience sampling research in psychopathology: opening the black box of daily life","volume":"39","author":"Myin-Germeys","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R45","unstructured":"Ofcom. Children and parents: media use and attitudes report. 2022. URL: https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/media-use-and-attitudes\/media-habits-children\/children-and-parents-media-use-and-attitudes-report-2022 [Accessed 01-03-2023]"},{"issue":"6","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3123988","volume":"50","author":"Berkel","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv (CSUR)"},{"issue":"12","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.21121254","article-title":"Technology and mental health: state of the art for assessment and treatment","volume":"179","author":"Harvey","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.04.023","article-title":"Factors contributing to depressive mood states in everyday life: a systematic review","volume":"200","author":"Pemberton","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702620956967","article-title":"Daily life positive events predict well-being among depressed adults 10 years later","volume":"9","author":"Panaite","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02124","article-title":"Diminished anticipatory and consummatory pleasure in dysphoria: evidence from an experience sampling study","volume":"10","author":"Li","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000294","article-title":"Real-life validation of reduced reward processing in emerging adults with depressive symptoms","volume":"126","author":"Bakker","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13943-x","article-title":"Factors that influence mental health of university and college students in the UK: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Campbell","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497","volume":"117","author":"Baumeister","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.06.040","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between the anticipation and experience of pleasure in people with schizophrenia: an experience sampling study","volume":"202","author":"Edwards","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515245920978738","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245920978738","article-title":"Selection of the number of participants in intensive longitudinal studies: a user-friendly shiny app and tutorial for performing power analysis in multilevel regression models that account for temporal dependencies","volume":"4","author":"Lafit","journal-title":"Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12471","article-title":"A review of current ambulatory assessment studies in adolescent samples and practical recommendations","volume":"29","author":"van Roekel","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"issue":"2","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191120957102","article-title":"The effects of sampling frequency and questionnaire length on perceived burden, compliance, and careless responding in experience sampling data in a student population","volume":"29","author":"Eisele","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198811000-00011","article-title":"Scales to assess child and adolescent depression: checklists, screens, and nets","volume":"27","author":"Costello","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1610","article-title":"Validation of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) in New Zealand help-seeking adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Thabrew","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20513","article-title":"Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: new insights and technical developments","volume":"17","author":"Myin-Germeys","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911211067538","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment: a meta-analysis on designs, samples, and compliance across research fields","volume":"30","author":"Wrzus","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"R62","unstructured":"Viechtbauer W esmpack CM . Functions that facilitate preparation and management of ESM\/EMA data. 2025. URL: https:\/\/wviechtb.github.io\/esmpack\/index.html [Accessed 14-07-2025]"},{"key":"R63","unstructured":"Credit management. Sona Systems. URL: https:\/\/www.sona-systems.com\/platform\/credit-management\/ [Accessed 06-07-2025]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr137","article-title":"Emotional experience in negative symptoms of schizophrenia\u2014no evidence for a generalized hedonic deficit","volume":"39","author":"Oorschot","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.07.048","article-title":"The optimisation of experience sampling protocols in people with schizophrenia","volume":"244","author":"Edwards","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-020-00324-7","article-title":"Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment of well-being: a systematic review and recommendations for future studies","volume":"22","author":"de Vries","journal-title":"J Happiness Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1080\/01490400.2014.915772","article-title":"The effects of depression on leisure: varying relationships between enjoyment, sociability, participation, and desired outcomes in college students","volume":"36","author":"Blanco","journal-title":"Leis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103738","article-title":"Depression and objectively measured physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Gianfredi","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.10.050","article-title":"Physical activity and sedentary behavior in people with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Schuch","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.3.225","article-title":"Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression","volume":"59","author":"Fergusson","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.11.007","article-title":"Hygiene and mental health among middle school students in India and 11 other countries","volume":"9","author":"Ranasinghe","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000255","article-title":"Ecological momentary interventions in psychiatry","volume":"29","author":"Myin-Germeys","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.001","article-title":"Episodic simulation of future events: concepts, data, and applications","volume":"1124","author":"Schacter","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000765","article-title":"Increasing anticipated and anticipatory pleasure through episodic thinking","volume":"22","author":"Hallford","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103638","article-title":"Changing the future: an initial test of Future Specificity Training (FeST)","volume":"131","author":"Hallford","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-022-10330-z","article-title":"Reducing anhedonia in major depressive disorder with Future Event Specificity Training (FEST): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Hallford","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-020-09820-9","article-title":"Increasing anticipatory pleasure in major depression through enhancing episodic future thinking: a randomized single-case series trial","volume":"42","author":"Hallford","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"6","key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.14.0591","article-title":"The calendar mindset: scheduling takes the fun out and puts the work in","volume":"53","author":"Tonietto","journal-title":"J Mark Res"},{"key":"R79","unstructured":"Deci EL Ryan RM . Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer Science & Business Media; 2013."},{"key":"R80","unstructured":"Beck AT . Depression: Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects. Haper & Row; 1967."},{"issue":"3","key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20883","article-title":"The growing field of digital psychiatry: current evidence and the future of apps, social media, chatbots, and virtual reality","volume":"20","author":"Torous","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["JMIR Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mental.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e74427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:05:38Z","timestamp":1782842738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mental.jmir.org\/2025\/1\/e74427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":81,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/74427","relation":{},"ISSN":["2368-7959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2368-7959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"article-number":"v12i7e74427"}}