{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:02:51Z","timestamp":1782846171820,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Public Health Surveill"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 underwent several mutations since it was first identified in November 2021, with a large outbreak in Hong Kong in early 2022. Yet, local cases of Omicron infections persist, even though the COVID-19 pandemic ended in May 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to describe the changes in demographic and clinical characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19 across different Omicron waves in Hong Kong and determine whether the changes continued into the postpandemic period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective repeated cross-sectional study collected data on patients infected with COVID-19 admitted to public hospitals in Hong Kong between May 1, 2022, and May 31, 2024. These data were later categorized into 3 periods based on the Omicron strain. A subsequent age-stratified descriptive analysis was conducted on each characteristic to identify any significant differences across the periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      First, the case fatality ratio significantly lowered among those older than 85 years (1.5% proportion decrease, period 1: 11.6%, period 2: 10.1%, effect size: 0.02;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001). Second, most patients were Chinese (\u226568.7% per age group and period), and females were predominantly infected for those aged older than 85 years (\u226556.9% per period). Third, the Charlson Comorbidity Index scores in most age groups showed a predominant proportion of infected individuals with 0 scores (more than 70% per period). Fourth, most cases were from slightly disadvantaged populations in Hong Kong (\u226530.5% per age group per period). Fifth, clinical management of Omicron hospitalizations showed lowered length of hospital stays among adults and older individuals (\u22651 d decrease between periods 1 and 3, per age group), as well as increased administration of bronchodilators.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the decreasing incidence of Omicron cases admitted to public hospitals in Hong Kong, the increasing case fatality ratio with age suggests that long-term surveillance of COVID-19 should be maintained to prepare for potential mutations and outbreaks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/75635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T11:40:08Z","timestamp":1764675608000},"page":"e75635-e75635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postpandemic Change in Demographic and Clinical Features of Patients With Omicron Who Were Hospitalized: Territory-Wide Retrospective Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6610-2352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christie J Y","family":"Ching","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3481-3572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunny C L","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9688-1348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teddy T L","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2406-2721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo H H","family":"Pui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8013-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bosco K H","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man Sing","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8552-1696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tafu","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chak Kwan","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7034-1146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cantian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3355-3237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy H","family":"Rainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9984-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham K C","family":"Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112519","article-title":"Evolution and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong","volume":"14","author":"Wong","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12919","article-title":"Impact of varying wave periods of COVID-19 on in-hospital mortality and length of stay for admission through emergency department: a territory-wide observational cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Xiong","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"WHO chief declares end to COVID-19 as a global health emergency. 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