{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1782846208924,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (CIGT) is a common and distressing adverse effect in cancer care, manifesting as nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, oral mucositis, constipation, and diarrhea. These symptoms severely impair patients\u2019 quality of life, reduce treatment adherence, and may lead to premature therapy discontinuation. Aromatherapy, a complementary therapy using plant-derived essential oils, has shown potential benefits for alleviating CIGT symptoms; however, most existing systematic reviews focus solely on nausea and vomiting, leaving its effects on other CIGT symptoms under-studied. Moreover, the influence of essential oil types, intervention forms, and intervention durations on therapeutic outcomes remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of aromatherapy for the full spectrum of CIGT symptoms in patients with cancer and to clarify how essential oil types, intervention forms, and intervention durations influence treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Nine databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, and SinoMed); the World Health Organization (WHO) Trials Portal; and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry will be searched from inception to August 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials focusing on aromatherapy for CIGT management in patients with cancer. Data on participant characteristics, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and adverse effects will be extracted from included studies. Continuous outcomes will be synthesized using standardized mean differences with 95% CIs, and categorical outcomes will be summarized as odds ratios with 95% CIs. All analyses will adopt a random-effects model to account for expected clinical and methodological heterogeneity. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses will be conducted to examine differences across essential oil types, intervention forms, and intervention durations. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method will be used for random-effects estimation, and prediction intervals will be calculated where applicable to reflect real-world variation. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, and evidence certainty will be graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n This study was funded in February 2024. As of August 2025, the literature search and study selection have been completed, and 20 eligible randomized controlled trials have been identified. Data extraction and quantitative synthesis are expected to be completed in December 2025, and the final results are anticipated to be submitted for publication in March 2026.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The anticipated findings will address key evidence gaps by evaluating aromatherapy\u2019s therapeutic potential for CIGT beyond nausea and vomiting and clarifying parameter-specific effects on CIGT management. These findings will support the development of evidence-based, standardized aromatherapy interventions, guide future mechanism-based research, and inform clinical decision-making in supportive cancer care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/76350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T19:11:02Z","timestamp":1765566662000},"page":"e76350-e76350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Aromatherapy on Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Patients With Cancer: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5046-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongrui","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8529-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0987-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5873-5415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3747-7561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2623-5987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01213-z","article-title":"Global, regional, and national cancer incidence and death for 29 cancer groups in 2019 and trends analysis of the global cancer burden, 1990-2019","volume":"14","author":"Lin","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-020-01666-y","article-title":"Recent advances in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: evidence from Japan and recommendations in guidelines","volume":"55","author":"Okusaka","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2021.09.005","article-title":"Astaxanthin supplementation mildly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"99","author":"Ma","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115787","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity: pathogenesis and current management","volume":"216","author":"He","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175379","article-title":"Gastrointestinal inflammation plays a critical role in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting","volume":"936","author":"Chen","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601001","article-title":"Toxicity of the high-dose chemotherapy CTC regimen (cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, carboplatin): the Netherlands Cancer Institute experience","volume":"88","author":"Schrama","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12391","article-title":"Is cachexia associated with chemotherapy toxicities in gastrointestinal cancer patients? 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