{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:04:04Z","timestamp":1782846244295,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Public Health Surveill"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Philippines accounts for 7% of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden. In 2022, an estimated 741,000 Filipinos developed TB, and 40,000 died as a result. Approximately 350,000 new TB diagnoses remain unreported annually.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In October 2023, we undertook an assessment of the accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of the national TB surveillance system using globally accepted TB surveillance standards and benchmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A team of Filipino and international evaluators conducted field visits to 9 purposively selected health facilities across 4 regions. Health records were reviewed, and key informants were interviewed to assess essential activities and best practices for TB surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 16 applicable performance standards, 4 (25%) were fully met, 9 (56.3%) were partially met, and 3 (18.8%) were not met. This was an improvement from a similar assessment conducted in 2019. Although electronic case-based recording and reporting had expanded greatly since 2019, large local variations in the adoption of quality assurance practices were evident. More than 50% of persons with reported TB had no bacteriological confirmation despite the presence of a functional national laboratory network. Underreporting due to underdiagnosis was also noted. Delayed reporting was common, especially in locations with limited internet connectivity or limited access to anti-TB medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Issues related to data quality assurance, gaps in case verification, and timeliness emerged as potential threats to data integrity and surveillance fidelity. Enhanced monitoring and evaluation, along with tailored studies, such as a national TB inventory study, could assist in quantifying potential underreporting and clinical overdiagnosis, guiding future funding, and assessing progress toward elimination targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/77058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T04:30:09Z","timestamp":1771993809000},"page":"e77058-e77058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating Tuberculosis Surveillance Using Global Standards and Benchmarks in the Philippines: Mixed Methods Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0926-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minal","family":"Ahson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2393-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna Mae","family":"Gaviola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1526-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2159-8228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andro","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0133-2321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marvin","family":"Apas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1202-2041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alezandra","family":"Eguia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4837-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devon Ray","family":"Pacial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-7646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianne","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6039-270X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romel","family":"Lacson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2120-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alethea","family":"De Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3550-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick K","family":"Moonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1086\/514351","article-title":"Tuberculosis surveillance: data for decision-making","volume":"44","author":"Castro","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9979","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60570-0","article-title":"WHO\u2019s new end TB strategy","volume":"385","author":"Uplekar","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Standards and benchmarks for tuberculosis surveillance and vital registration systems. 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URL: https:\/\/worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io\/tb_profiles\/?_inputs_&tab=%22charts%22&lan=%22EN%22&iso3=%22PHL%22&entity_type=%22country%22 [Accessed 01-05-2024]"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"Distinguishing public health research and public health nonresearch. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010. URL: https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/24235 [Accessed 30-03-2026]"},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Universal health coverage (UHC) service coverage index. World Health Organization. URL: https:\/\/data.who.int\/indicators\/i\/9A706FD [Accessed 20-03-2026]"},{"key":"R17","unstructured":"WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis: module 1: prevention: tuberculosis preventive treatment. World Health Organization; 2020. 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