{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T20:47:20Z","timestamp":1793220440210,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to be a critical public health issue in Hong Kong. Although self-care behaviors help promote health among patients with DM, adherence remains suboptimal. More attention should be paid to eHealth literacy with the development of modern technologies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to assess the level of eHealth literacy among patients with DM and examine its association with self-care and health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with type 2 DM from the DM clinic of a public hospital in Hong Kong. Data on eHealth literacy, self-care, self-care self-efficacy, diabetes distress, glycated hemoglobin (HbA\n 1c<\/jats:sub>\n ) control, and sociodemographic information were collected. Multivariable regression analyses were performed, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic and medical variables.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among the 427 patients with DM recruited, around two-thirds (65.1%) were classified as having a high level of eHealth literacy. Compared to those with lower eHealth literacy, participants with higher eHealth literacy demonstrated significantly higher levels of self-care (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001) and self-care self-efficacy (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001) and lower levels of diabetes distress (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <.001). Higher eHealth literacy was also associated with greater odds of achieving ideal HbA\n 1c<\/jats:sub>\n control (<7%) in unadjusted analyses (odds ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.15-2.81); however, this association was not statistically significant after adjustment for sociodemographic and medical covariates (adjusted odds ratio 1.57, 95% CI 0.99-2.52;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.07).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This study evaluated eHealth literacy levels among patients with DM and examined the associations between eHealth literacy and health outcomes (eg, self-care, self-care self-efficacy, diabetes distress, and HbA\n 1c<\/jats:sub>\n control). Assessing eHealth literacy in patients with DM could be useful in identifying those who are vulnerable to poorer health outcomes. Promoting eHealth literacy among patients with DM may be important.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/77856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:01:47Z","timestamp":1773280907000},"page":"e77856-e77856","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association of Electronic Health Literacy With Self-Care and Health Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9822-5424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phoenix Kit-Han","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8927-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice PS","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5509-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luyao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1767-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia WY","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph TF","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th ed. International Diabetes Federation; 2021. URL: https:\/\/diabetes.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/IDF_Atlas_10th_Edition_2021-.pdf [Accessed 03-02-2026] ISBN: 978-2-930229-98-0"},{"issue":"Supp 1","key":"R2","volume":"9","author":"Cheung","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-S011","article-title":"Standards of medical care in diabetes--2011","volume":"34 Suppl 1","author":"American Diabetes Association","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-022-01807-7","article-title":"The association of glycemic control and fall risk in diabetic elderly: a cross-sectional study in Hong Kong","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12724","article-title":"Experiences of diabetes self-management: a focus group study among Australians with type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Carolan","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721711432456","article-title":"Unmet needs for social support and effects on diabetes self-care activities in Korean Americans with type 2 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Song","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17342","article-title":"Educating patients by providing timely information using smartphone and tablet apps: systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Timmers","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8712","article-title":"A mobile app to improve self-management of individuals with type 2 diabetes: qualitative realist evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Desveaux","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8793","article-title":"Health information technology continues to show positive effect on medical outcomes: systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Kruse","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_871_20","article-title":"The opportunities and challenges of using mobile health in elderly self-care","volume":"10","author":"Shahbazi","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"3","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3992","article-title":"eHealth literacy and Web 2.0 health information seeking behaviors among baby boomers and older adults","volume":"17","author":"Tennant","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22919","article-title":"Digital health\u2014the need to assess benefits, risks, and value","volume":"325","author":"Perakslis","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"R13","volume":"28","author":"McBride","journal-title":"ONS Connect"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464818770772","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 internet use for health information: digital divide by race\/ethnicity and socioeconomic status","volume":"39","author":"Yoon","journal-title":"J Appl Gerontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.22.4.147","article-title":"Health literacy: a policy challenge for advancing high-quality health care","volume":"22","author":"Parker","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8.2.e9","article-title":"eHealth literacy: essential skills for consumer health in a networked world","volume":"8","author":"Norman","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14695-4","article-title":"Associations between e-health literacy and chronic disease self-management in older Chinese patients with chronic non-communicable diseases: a mediation analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wu","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/17538157.2014.948171","article-title":"Navigating the digital divide: a systematic review of eHealth literacy in underserved populations in the United States","volume":"41","author":"Chesser","journal-title":"Inform Health Soc Care"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2017.04.008","article-title":"Persistent digital divide in access to and use of the Internet as a resource for health information: results from a California population-based study","volume":"103","author":"Nguyen","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"5","key":"R20","first-page":"407","volume":"60","author":"Tonsaker","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"issue":"5","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v0i0.4252","article-title":"Evaluation of the quality and accessibility of available websites on kidney transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Valizadeh-Haghi","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.106997","article-title":"Electronic health literacy and health-related outcomes among older adults: a systematic review","volume":"157","author":"Xie","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106092","article-title":"Association of eHealth literacy with health promotion behaviors of community\u2011dwelling older people: the chain mediating role of self\u2011efficacy and self\u2011care ability","volume":"19","author":"Wang","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-1842.2010.00898.x","article-title":"Perceived Internet health literacy of HIV-positive people through the provision of a computer and Internet health education intervention","volume":"27","author":"Robinson","journal-title":"Health Info Libr J"},{"issue":"2","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2428","article-title":"Measuring actual eHealth literacy among patients with rheumatic diseases: a qualitative analysis of problems encountered using Health 1.0 and Health 2.0 applications","volume":"15","author":"van der Vaart","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2014.987940","article-title":"Examining the relationships between resources and online health information seeking among patients with chronic diseases and healthy people","volume":"54","author":"Oh","journal-title":"Soc Work Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458215595851","article-title":"Predictors of online health information seeking behavior: changes between 2002 and 2012","volume":"22","author":"Li","journal-title":"Health Informatics J"},{"issue":"3","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.4010","article-title":"The prevalence of online health information seeking among patients in Scotland: a cross\u2011sectional exploratory study","volume":"4","author":"Moreland","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmu034","article-title":"Reasons for and predictors of patients\u2019 online health information seeking following a medical appointment","volume":"31","author":"Li","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419856377","article-title":"eHealth literacy in otolaryngology patients","volume":"128","author":"Bailey","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"11","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-017-2475-6","article-title":"eHealth literacy, Internet and eHealth service usage: a survey among cancer patients and their relatives","volume":"143","author":"Halwas","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12369","article-title":"Psychometric comparisons of measures of eHealth literacy using a sample of Korean older adults","volume":"16","author":"Kim","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nurs"},{"issue":"8","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-02797-2","article-title":"Health-promoting behaviors mediate the relationship between eHealth literacy and health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Li","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17312","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the electronic Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS) among patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: cross\u2011sectional validation study","volume":"22","author":"Br\u00f8rs","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105310","article-title":"A 3\u2011wave longitudinal study of eHealth literacy and older people\u2019s health\u2011related quality of life in China: the mediating role of general self\u2011efficacy","volume":"25","author":"Xie","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1619","article-title":"eHealth literacy: extending the digital divide to the realm of health information","volume":"14","author":"Neter","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40778","article-title":"The relation between eHealth literacy and health\u2011related behaviors: systematic review and meta\u2011analysis","volume":"25","author":"Kim","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117166","article-title":"Prospective relationship between electronic health literacy and health-promoting lifestyle among Chinese older adults: a three-wave longitudinal study","volume":"364","author":"Xie","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278719827997","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Persian eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) among elder Iranians with heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Lin","journal-title":"Eval Health Prof"},{"issue":"3","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2020.1870206","article-title":"Sense of coherence mediates the relationship between digital health literacy and anxiety about the future in aging population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a path analysis","volume":"26","author":"Leung","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10175","article-title":"Proposing a transactional model of eHealth literacy: concept analysis","volume":"20","author":"Paige","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/07359680802126301","article-title":"Understanding health literacy for strategic health marketing: eHealth literacy, health disparities, and the digital divide","volume":"25","author":"Bodie","journal-title":"Health Mark Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000588","article-title":"Relationship between electronic health literacy and self\u2011management in people with type 2 diabetes using a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"32","author":"Lee","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000642","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between eHealth literacy and diabetes knowledge, self\u2011efficacy, and self\u2011care behaviors in Chinese diabetic patients: a cross\u2011sectional study","volume":"32","author":"Ji","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/CIN.0000000000000438","article-title":"Association of electronic health literacy with health\u2011promoting behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross\u2011sectional study","volume":"36","author":"Kim","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18404","article-title":"Relationships between mobile eHealth literacy, diabetes self\u2011care, and glycemic outcomes in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes: cross\u2011sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Guo","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"issue":"4","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8.4.e27","article-title":"eHEALS: the eHealth literacy scale","volume":"8","author":"Norman","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18613","article-title":"Psychometric validation and cultural adaptation of the simplified Chinese eHealth literacy scale: cross\u2011sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Xu","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10831","article-title":"Online health information seeking and eHealth literacy among patients attending a primary care clinic in Hong Kong: a cross\u2011sectional survey","volume":"21","author":"Wong","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/24577","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in eHealth literacy and preventive behaviors during the COVID\u201119 pandemic in Hong Kong: cross\u2011sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Guo","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/41915","article-title":"The usage of digital health technology among older adults in Hong Kong and the role of technology readiness and eHealth literacy: path analysis","volume":"25","author":"Kim","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-014-0744-5","article-title":"Predictors of high eHealth literacy in primary lung cancer survivors","volume":"30","author":"Milne","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"issue":"7","key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.7.943","article-title":"The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure: results from 7 studies and a revised scale","volume":"23","author":"Toobert","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04526.x","article-title":"Health literacy, complication awareness, and diabetic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"62","author":"Tang","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.10.2817","article-title":"Development of a reliable and valid Chinese version of the diabetes empowerment scale","volume":"26","author":"Shiu","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.6.739","article-title":"The diabetes empowerment scale: a measure of psychosocial self\u2011efficacy","volume":"23","author":"Anderson","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1612","article-title":"Diabetes-related distress and physical and psychological health in chinese type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"34","author":"Ting","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2021.11.008","article-title":"eHealth literacy among older adults living with cancer and their caregivers: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Verma","journal-title":"J Geriatr Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2645","article-title":"The digital divide among low-income homebound older adults: internet use patterns, eHealth literacy, and attitudes toward computer\/internet use","volume":"15","author":"Choi","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2020.1734782","article-title":"Health information technology use among older adults in the United States, 2009-2018","volume":"36","author":"Hung","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"7","key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072263","article-title":"The associations among health\u2011promoting lifestyle, eHealth literacy, and cognitive health in older Chinese adults: a cross\u2011sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Li","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/CIN.0000000000000255","article-title":"Relationships between eHealth literacy and health behaviors in Korean adults","volume":"35","author":"Kim","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.87968","article-title":"Impact of e\u2011health literacy on diabetes self\u2011care activities among people with type 2 diabetes attending primary healthcare centers in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: a cross\u2011sectional study, 2025","volume":"17","author":"AlShehri","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/ajhb.2007.31.supp.S19","article-title":"The causal pathways linking health literacy to health outcomes","volume":"31 Suppl 1","author":"Paasche-Orlow","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/17538157.2017.1364247","article-title":"eHealth literacy research-quo vadis?","volume":"43","author":"Griebel","journal-title":"Inform Health Soc Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30644","article-title":"eHealth literacy instruments: systematic review of measurement properties","volume":"23","author":"Lee","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071553","article-title":"The measurements and an elaborated understanding of Chinese eHealth literacy (C\u2011eHEALS) in chronic patients in China","volume":"15","author":"Chang","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12179","article-title":"Associations of health app use and perceived effectiveness in people with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: population\u2011based survey","volume":"7","author":"Ernsting","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S95247","article-title":"eHealth technologies to support nutrition and physical activity behaviors in diabetes self-management","volume":"9","author":"Rollo","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00135","article-title":"Popular diabetes apps and the impact of diabetes app use on self\u2011care behaviour: a survey among the digital community of persons with diabetes on social media","volume":"10","author":"Kebede","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13050512","article-title":"Effects of diabetes knowledge and attitudes toward internet health information on e\u2011health literacy in middle\u2011aged patients with diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Lee","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0155","article-title":"Internet delivered diabetes self-management education: a review","volume":"17","author":"Pereira","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e77856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:10:12Z","timestamp":1782843012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e77856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":72,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/77856","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"article-number":"v28iSupp 1e77856"}}