{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:21:32Z","timestamp":1790605292742,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multimorbidity, the coexistence of 2 or more chronic conditions, is associated with poor well-being. Health coaching apps offer cost-effective and accessible support. However, there is a lack of evidence of the impact of health coaching apps on individuals with multimorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the impact and acceptability of a health coaching app (the Holly Health [HH] app) on the subjective well-being (SWB) of adults with multimorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used an explanatory-sequential mixed methods design, with quantitative secondary data analysis in the first phase and qualitative interviews in the second phase. In the quantitative phase (n=565), pre- and post-SWB (Office for National Statistics' 4 personal well-being questions [ONS4]) scores from existing app users with multimorbidity were analyzed using Bayesian growth curve modeling to assess the impact of HH. In the qualitative phase (n=22), data were collected via semistructured interviews and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Mechanisms of action that supported SWB were categorized using the Multi-Level Leisure Mechanisms Framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant increase in life satisfaction (Coef.=0.71, 95% highest density interval [HDI] 0.52\u20100.89), worthwhileness (Coef.=0.62, 95% HDI 0.43\u20100.81), and happiness (Coef.=0.74, 95% HDI 0.54\u20100.92) and a decrease in anxiety (Coef.=\u22120.50, 95% HDI \u22120.74 to \u22120.25) before and after using the HH app. Overall, 8 acceptable app features activated 5 mechanisms of action, including behavioral, psychological, and social mechanisms. Three additional factors influenced the acceptability of the health coaching app: type of chronic condition, availability of time, and the use of other support tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study demonstrates that health coaching apps could be effective and acceptable support tools for individuals with multimorbidity. This study contributes to understanding why health coaching apps support SWB and could be used to inform the development of future digital health interventions in multimorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/78738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T15:10:06Z","timestamp":1765379406000},"page":"e78738-e78738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of a Health Coaching App on the Subjective Well-Being of Individuals With Multimorbidity: Mixed Methods Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2417-7651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Symes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4433-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1319-8362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feifei","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx201","article-title":"Projections of multi-morbidity in the older population in England to 2035: estimates from the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) model","volume":"47","author":"Kingston","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky098","article-title":"Defining and measuring multimorbidity: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"29","author":"Johnston","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.02.012","article-title":"Patterns of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: an analysis of the UK Biobank data","volume":"93","author":"Zemedikun","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-201","article-title":"Multimorbidity prevalence and patterns across socioeconomic determinants: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"12","author":"Agborsangaya","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-021-00474-y","article-title":"Rising burden of multimorbidity and related socio-demographic factors: a repeated cross-sectional study of Ontarians","volume":"112","author":"Kone","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00376-4","article-title":"Multimorbidity","volume":"8","author":"Skou","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033622","article-title":"Prevalence of secondary care multimorbidity in mid-life and its association with premature mortality in a large longitudinal cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Johnston","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14868","article-title":"Effect of chronic diseases and multimorbidity on survival and functioning in elderly adults","volume":"65","author":"Rizzuto","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18346-x","article-title":"Interaction effects of multimorbidity and frailty on adverse health outcomes in elderly hospitalised patients","volume":"12","author":"Lujic","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264318817091","article-title":"Multimorbidity and hospital admissions in high-need, high-cost elderly patients","volume":"32","author":"Buja","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"issue":"702","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp20X713897","article-title":"Impact of multimorbidity on healthcare costs and utilisation: a systematic review of the UK literature","volume":"71","author":"Soley-Bori","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0344-4","article-title":"Challenges of managing people with multimorbidity in today\u2019s healthcare systems","volume":"16","author":"Moffat","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.530085","article-title":"Multimorbidity in general practice: unmet care needs from a patient perspective","volume":"7","author":"Rimmelzwaan","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcar.2021.100045","article-title":"Managing patients with multimorbidity","volume":"5","author":"Wilkinson","journal-title":"Clinics in Integrated Care"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"Multimorbidity: clinical assessment and management. NICE; Sep 2016. URL: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng56\/chapter\/Recommendations#general-principles [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diener E , editor. Assessing Well-Being. Springer Netherlands; 2009. [doi: 10.1007\/978-90-481-2354-4] ISBN: 978-90-481-2353-7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-2354-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-013-0384-x","article-title":"Measuring subjective well-being and its potential role in policy: perspectives from the UK Office for National Statistics","volume":"114","author":"Hicks","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"R18","unstructured":"Personal well-being user guidance. Office for National Statistics. Jan 2025. URL: https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/wellbeing\/methodologies\/personalwellbeingsurveyuserguide [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"issue":"9968","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61489-0","article-title":"Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing","volume":"385","author":"Steptoe","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12178","article-title":"Subjective well-being and health behaviors in 2.5 million Americans","volume":"12","author":"Kushlev","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well Being"},{"key":"R21","unstructured":"Multimorbidity | Health topics A to Z. CKS | NICE. URL: https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/topics\/multimorbidity\/ [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10719-7","article-title":"Multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity over the life course: a population-based birth cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Feter","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30384-9","article-title":"How leisure activities affect health: a narrative review and multi-level theoretical framework of mechanisms of action","volume":"8","author":"Fancourt","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity): making sense of the evidence. NIHR Evidence; Mar 2021. [doi: 10.3310\/collection_45881]","DOI":"10.3310\/collection_45881"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2235042X19883560","article-title":"Health behaviour, social support, socio-economic status and the 5-year progression of multimorbidity: results from the MultiCare Cohort Study","volume":"9","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","journal-title":"J Comorb"},{"issue":"9","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003332","article-title":"Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy in people with multimorbidity in the UK Biobank: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Chudasama","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/31170","article-title":"Mobile apps that promote emotion regulation, positive mental health, and well-being in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Eisenstadt","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"R28","unstructured":"Digital health and care. European Commission. 2025. URL: https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/ehealth-digital-health-and-care\/digital-health-and-care_en [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"issue":"3","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002081","article-title":"Preventing depression using a smartphone app: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Deady","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124414","article-title":"Randomised controlled feasibility study of the MyHealthAvatar-Diabetes smartphone app for reducing prolonged sitting time in type 2 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"17","author":"Bailey","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10723","article-title":"Mobile apps to support the self-management of hypertension: systematic review of effectiveness, usability, and user satisfaction","volume":"6","author":"Alessa","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"8","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.8593","article-title":"mHealth tools for the self-management of patients with multimorbidity in primary care settings: pilot study to explore user experience","volume":"6","author":"Irfan Khan","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"R33","unstructured":"Holly Health | Home. URL: https:\/\/www.hollyhealth.io\/ [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"key":"R34","unstructured":"Holly Health \u2013 digital support for women\u2019s health and wellbeing. NHS Innovation Accelerator. URL: https:\/\/nhsaccelerator.com\/innovations\/holly-health\/ [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"key":"R35","unstructured":"Beck AT . Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. Penguin; 1979. ISBN: 1-101-65988-2"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes SC Pierson H . Acceptance and commitment therapy. In: Freeman A Felgoise SH Nezu CM Nezu AM Reinecke MA , editors. Encyclopedia of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Springer US; 2005:1-4. [doi: 10.1007\/0-306-48581-8_1] ISBN: 978-0-306-48581-7","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48581-8_1"},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"Michie S Atkins L West R . The Behaviour Change Wheel: A Guide to Designing Interventions. Silverback Publishing; 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.behaviourchangewheel.com\/ [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05282260","article-title":"Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: from theory to practice","volume":"18","author":"Ivankova","journal-title":"Field methods"},{"issue":"8-9","key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2014.08.022","article-title":"Standardized Reporting of Secondary Data Analyses (STROSA)\u2014a recommendation","volume":"108","author":"Swart","journal-title":"Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes"},{"issue":"6","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16211","article-title":"The effects of a digital well-being intervention on patients with chronic conditions: observational study","volume":"22","author":"Parks","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"R44","unstructured":"Surveys using our four personal well-being questions. Office for National Statistics. URL: https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/wellbeing\/methodologies\/surveysusingthe4officefornationalstatisticspersonalwellbeingquestions [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069221110317","article-title":"The qualitative research distress protocol: a participant-centered tool for navigating distress during data collection","volume":"21","author":"Whitney","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.12968\/ijtr.2014.21.12.560","article-title":"Reflexivity in research: promoting rigour, reliability and validity in qualitative research","volume":"21","author":"Darawsheh","journal-title":"Int J Ther Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","article-title":"Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis","volume":"11","author":"Braun","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-021-01182-y","article-title":"A worked example of Braun and Clarke\u2019s approach to reflexive thematic analysis","volume":"56","author":"Byrne","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"issue":"2","key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/33168","article-title":"The quality of health apps and their potential to promote behavior change in patients with a chronic condition or multimorbidity: systematic search in App Store and Google Play","volume":"10","author":"Bricca","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"R51","unstructured":"Long-term condition management across Holly Health users: a retrospective survey. Holly Health. Nov 30, 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.hollyhealth.io\/articles\/long-term-condition-management [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"issue":"6","key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158092","article-title":"Can we increase psychological well-being? The effects of interventions on psychological well-being: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Weiss","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"R53","unstructured":"Wellbeing guidance for appraisal: supplementary green book guidance. HM Treasury; Jul 2021. URL: https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/60fa9169d3bf7f0448719daf\/Wellbeing_guidance_for_appraisal_-_supplementary_Green_Book_guidance.pdf [Accessed 23-12-2025]"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117662","article-title":"Effectiveness of 234 interventions to improve life satisfaction: a rapid systematic review","volume":"366","author":"Tiley","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4883","article-title":"The effectiveness of self-management mobile phone and tablet apps in long-term condition management: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Whitehead","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29098","article-title":"Perceptions of factors influencing engagement with health and well-being apps in the United Kingdom: qualitative interview study","volume":"9","author":"Szinay","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pds.2021.426","article-title":"Gamification and nudging techniques for improving user engagement in mental health and well-being apps","volume":"1","author":"Auf","journal-title":"Proc Des Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3196830","article-title":"Digital behaviour change interventions to break and form habits","volume":"25","author":"Pinder","journal-title":"ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact"},{"issue":"2","key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18172","article-title":"Co-designing a mobile app to improve mental health and well-being: focus group study","volume":"5","author":"Alqahtani","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945920902146","article-title":"Intervention components targeting self-management in individuals with multiple chronic conditions: an integrative review","volume":"42","author":"Miller","journal-title":"West J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8598","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of mobile health apps using the basic principles of cognitive behavioral therapy: systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Rathbone","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896916681179","article-title":"What makes a mobile app successful in supporting health behaviour change?","volume":"76","author":"Fitzgerald","journal-title":"Health Educ J"},{"issue":"1","key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10918","article-title":"Breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors\u2019 experiences of using publicly available physical activity mobile apps: qualitative study","volume":"7","author":"Roberts","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"4","key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2020.10.026","article-title":"Combining mHealth and health-coaching for improving self-management in chronic care: a scoping review","volume":"104","author":"Obro","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doyle J Murphy E Kuiper J et al. Managing multimorbidity: identifying design requirements for a digital self-management tool to support older adults with multiple chronic conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery; 2019:1-14. [doi: 10.1145\/3290605.3300629]","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300629"},{"issue":"6","key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002006","article-title":"Mechanisms of change underlying the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in a specialist clinic: a mediation analysis","volume":"44","author":"Stahl","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies T Jones SL Kelly RM . Patient perspectives on self-management technologies for chronic fatigue syndrome. In: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery; 2019:1-13. [doi: 10.1145\/3290605.3300452]","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300452"},{"issue":"8","key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(19)30194-3","article-title":"Digital health intervention at older ages","volume":"1","author":"Gulliford","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbad097","article-title":"A life of leisure? Investigating the differential impact of retirement on leisure activity.","volume":"78","author":"Tunney","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s44202-021-00004-4","article-title":"Improving the global reach of psychological research","volume":"1","author":"Tindle","journal-title":"Discov Psychol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Internet Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e78738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:11:28Z","timestamp":1782843088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e78738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"references-count":70,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/78738","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-8871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-8871","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"article-number":"v28i3e78738"}}