{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:05:19Z","timestamp":1782846319860,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people experience greater health disparities than their cisgender counterparts. Social determinants of health are linked to these health disparities in minority communities, including the TGD community. Lack of social support contributes significantly to these disparities for the TGD community.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of social media and social support groups among TGD patients who attend a transgender clinic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A questionnaire was developed through an iterative process and emailed to TGD people attending a tertiary care TGD-focused clinic. The survey assessed social media use (platforms, duration, and adverse effects), social support groups (past participation and interest in current participation), and demographic characteristics (age, gender, race and ethnicity, educational level, religious affiliation, and income).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Our survey garnered 48 responses. Of these participants, 50% (n=24) identified as transfeminine or transgender women, 29.2% (n=14) identified as transmasculine or transgender men, 8.3% (n=4) identified as nonbinary, 2.1% (n=1) identified as genderfluid, and 10.4% (n=5) identified as another identity. Our respondents\u2019 average age was 35 (SD 15.6) years. Nearly 70% (n=31, 64.6%) reported at least monthly transphobia, and 35.4% (n=17) reported at least weekly transphobia. Primary social support was reported as coming from an in-person significant other or friend 49% (n=24) of the time and from social media or online friends 12.5% (n=6) of the time. Social media was used for the primary purpose of interacting with queer or TGD people by 65% (n=33) of respondents, and the most common sites used were Discord, Reddit, and Instagram. Among respondents who either were attending or had attended a gender identity\u2013focused support group, 61% (14\/23) reported them being beneficial. In total, 52% (25\/48) had never attended a support group related to their gender identity, and 60% (15\/23) were open to attending.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This study found that social media is already being used by TGD people for the purpose of interacting with other queer and transgender people but also that there are risks associated with its use. Given this reality, counseling patients on social media use should focus on safety in use and honest discussions of both the risks and benefits associated with its use. Regarding social support groups focused on gender identity, many current or previous attendants reported that support groups were helpful for finding social support, especially early on in one\u2019s transition and when other avenues of support are not present. Additionally, many respondents who had never attended a support group were interested in attending for the perceived benefits of increased social support and interest in meeting other community members. Engaging TGD patients in the use of social media and social support groups for gender identity may help improve support, although exposure to hate and transphobia is a risk that comes with social media use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/79614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T17:25:06Z","timestamp":1765560306000},"page":"e79614-e79614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Survey Evaluation of the Role of Social Media and Social Support for Transgender, Nonbinary, and Intersex People: Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3229-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishnan","family":"Nayar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4722-8915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian C","family":"Iloabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9898-8405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana M","family":"Kling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bithika","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6269-1757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Dodoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8426-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Horsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.010","article-title":"Transgender stigma and health: a critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions","volume":"147","author":"White Hughto","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.31306","article-title":"Antitrans policy environment and depression and anxiety symptoms in transgender and nonbinary adults","volume":"7","author":"Restar","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.12189","article-title":"US state policies and mental health symptoms among sexual and gender minority adults","volume":"8","author":"Last","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/socf.12193","article-title":"The social costs of gender nonconformity for transgender adults: implications for discrimination and health","volume":"30","author":"Miller","journal-title":"Sociol Forum (Randolph N J)"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116013","article-title":"Transgender\/nonbinary young adults\u2019 exposure to cissexism-related social stressors: variation across gender groups","volume":"329","author":"Murchison","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"James SE Herman JL Rankin S Keisling M Mottet L Anafi M . 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