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It explored clinical characteristics, OD risk factors, and clinical outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective, observational study analyzed patients with SARS-CoV-2 aged 18 years and older in Catalonia from January 1 to August 31\n \n , 2020, including hospital and primary care data on clinical information,\n International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision<\/jats:italic>\n (\n ICD-10<\/jats:italic>\n ) codes, hospital stay, discharge destination, and mortality. AIMS-OD assessed OD risk, stratifying patients by age (aged 18\u201069 years and 70 years and older).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Among 257,541 patients with COVID-19 disease, 59.3% (152,721\/257,541) were aged 18\u201069 years and 40.7% (104,820\/257,541) were aged 70 years and older. Hospital and primary care R13-OD prevalence was 3.5% and 4.3%, respectively; AIMS-OD showed 34.8% and 15.4%, with True prevalence at 16.7% and 7.4%. Patients aged 70 years and older had worse clinical outcomes and worse prognosis. Patients in R13-OD experienced significantly worse clinical outcomes than patients with H-AIMS-OD, who in turn fared worse than those with no R13-OD and with low AIMS-OD risk. Risk factors for patients with COVID-19 R13-OD included age, neuroleptic use, stroke, dementia, and delirium.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n AIMS-OD screening revealed high prevalence and significant underdiagnosis in patients with COVID-19 disease across settings. Early detection and risk stratification using AIMS-OD could improve clinical decision-making, diagnosis, and management, particularly in older patients with comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/81028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:22:25Z","timestamp":1776108145000},"page":"e81028-e81028","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using Machine Learning to Improve Screening for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Hospitalized Versus Primary Care Adult Patients With COVID-19 Disease: Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Amad\u00f3 Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6805-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5900-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"Mir\u00f3 Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8059-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Ruz Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4551-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3742-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adil","family":"El Haji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Clav\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6178-3748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Pneumonia of unknown cause in China: disease outbreak news. 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