{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:39:24Z","timestamp":1792175964639,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Neurotech"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces neural plasticity, which may be maximized via adjunctive interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of interleaving computerized cognitive training (CCT) with accelerated intermittent theta burst (iTBS) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in 2 open-label phase I trials of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; NCT04503096) and poststroke mild cognitive impairment (psMCI; NCT04655963).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (aMCI: n=21; and psMCI: n=14) received 24 sessions of accelerated iTBS over 3 days (8 sessions per day). During the 10\u2010 to 15-minute intervals between iTBS sessions, participants engaged in CCT via the BrainHQ platform. During the 4-week follow-up period, participants were asked to complete 20 minutes daily of BrainHQ. Both studies offered identical compensation for daily practice, but the aMCI group received weekly reminders, whereas the psMCI group did not. Study-specific questionnaires assessed BrainHQ acceptability (administered post-treatment and at follow-up).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During in-laboratory treatment, the groups completed similar amounts of BrainHQ (aMCI: median 107, IQR 92-121 min; and psMCI: median 111, IQR 93-137 min;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.51). However, engagement differed during the unmonitored follow-up (aMCI: median 450, IQR 167-581 min,; and psMCI: median 142, IQR 0-477 min); practice time increased in the aMCI group but decreased in the psMCI group over the 4 weeks (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.001). Both groups generally rated BrainHQ positively at both time points in terms of their experience with the platform, exercises, and perceived benefit for their mood and functioning.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined treatment with CCT and accelerated iTBS is feasible and acceptable in people with mild cognitive impairment. Standardized dosing of CCT is feasibly achieved when interleaved with iTBS sessions and completed in-laboratory, but ecological adherence to CCT in an unmonitored, self-directed context likely requires additional supports and may be influenced by patient characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/81437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T21:13:35Z","timestamp":1784150015000},"page":"e81437-e81437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feasibility of Interleaving Computerized Cognitive Training With Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Pilot Studies in Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Stroke"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9790-1603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9365-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Aghamoosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7826-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3501-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly H","family":"Fleischmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3312-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina S","family":"Rbeiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9773-7007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4392-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Antonucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Revuelta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4475-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa M","family":"McTeague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8294-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreana","family":"Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.11.016","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced neuroplasticity and the treatment of psychiatric disorders: state of the evidence and future opportunities","volume":"95","author":"Fitzsimmons","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.020","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of rTMS effects on cognitive enhancement in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"86","author":"Chou","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104804","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation for post-stroke aphasia: a network meta-analysis and meta-regression of moderators","volume":"140","author":"Ding","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.6117","article-title":"Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic and a network meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Liu","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196190","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in mild cognitive impairment: effects on cognitive functions-a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Sharbafshaaer","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06779-9","article-title":"High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) impacts activities of daily living of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Chen","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2022.114229","article-title":"Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke patients with cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"439","author":"Li","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-017-0459-3","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"31","author":"Farooq","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10790-5","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease clinical trial update 2019\u20132021","volume":"269","author":"Pleen","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0779-7","article-title":"Post-stroke dementia - a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Mijajlovi\u0107","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.09.022","article-title":"Towards understanding rTMS mechanism of action: stimulation of the DLPFC causes network-specific increase in functional connectivity","volume":"162","author":"Tik","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-021-09515-2","article-title":"A game a day keeps cognitive decline away? A systematic review and meta-analysis of commercially-available brain training programs in healthy and cognitively impaired older adults","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00648","article-title":"Technologies for cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Irazoki","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/73140","article-title":"The effectiveness of computerized cognitive training in patients with poststroke cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Gao","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1044\/persp1.SIG2.47","article-title":"A review of computer-based cognitive training for individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Mueller","journal-title":"Perspect ASHA SIGs"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100912","article-title":"Cognitive and neural plasticity in old age: a systematic review of evidence from executive functions cognitive training","volume":"53","author":"Nguyen","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.934921","article-title":"Efficacy of memory rehabilitation therapy: a meta-analysis of TBI and stroke cognitive rehabilitation literature","volume":"28","author":"Elliott","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"3","key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2011.568816","article-title":"Effects of distraction and pictorial illustration on memory for countries in older adults with probable Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Boudreaux","journal-title":"Exp Aging Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2020.1831555","article-title":"Effectiveness of computer-based training on post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Mingming","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0893-1","article-title":"Technology-based cognitive training and rehabilitation interventions for individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Ge","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-016-9338-9","article-title":"Enhancing cognitive functioning in healthly older adults: a systematic review of the clinical significance of commercially available computerized cognitive training in preventing cognitive decline","volume":"27","author":"Shah","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-011-0196-8","article-title":"Characterizing brain cortical plasticity and network dynamics across the age-span in health and disease with TMS-EEG and TMS-fMRI","volume":"24","author":"Pascual-Leone","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01505-9","article-title":"The cognitive effect of non-invasive brain stimulation combined with cognitive training in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Yang","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.06.038","article-title":"A transdiagnostic review of safety, efficacy, and parameter space in accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"152","author":"Caulfield","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.10.003","article-title":"Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines","volume":"132","author":"Rossi","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-332680","article-title":"A phase I trial of accelerated intermittent theta burst rTMS for amnestic MCI","volume":"95","author":"Aghamoosa","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"Hoffmann","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","article-title":"The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Albert","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140276","article-title":"Neuropsychological criteria for mild cognitive impairment improves diagnostic precision, biomarker associations, and progression rates","volume":"42","author":"Bondi","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.09.006","article-title":"An efficient and accurate new method for locating the F3 position for prefrontal TMS applications","volume":"2","author":"Beam","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"9","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000237236.88823.47","article-title":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards","volume":"37","author":"Hachinski","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt94","article-title":"A web-based normative calculator for the uniform data set (UDS) neuropsychological test battery","volume":"3","author":"Shirk","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000223","article-title":"Version 3 of the Alzheimer Disease Centers\u2019 Neuropsychological Test Battery in the Uniform Data Set (UDS)","volume":"32","author":"Weintraub","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v050.i12","article-title":"NparLD: an R software package for the nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments","volume":"50","author":"Noguchi","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"1","key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0418-4","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment and post-stroke cognitive deficits","volume":"14","author":"Shim","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00200","article-title":"Corticomotor plasticity predicts clinical efficacy of combined neuromodulation and cognitive training in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Brem","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.010","article-title":"Enhancing cognitive training effects in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: rTMS as an add-on treatment","volume":"13","author":"Bagattini","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"12","key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1606-6","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with cognitive training is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: clinical experience","volume":"123","author":"Rabey","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00948","article-title":"Using transcranial direct current stimulation to augment the effect of motor imagery-assisted brain-computer interface training in chronic stroke patients-cortical reorganization considerations","volume":"11","author":"Chew","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000406","article-title":"The efficacy of combining cognitive training and noninvasive brain stimulation: a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"150","author":"Poppe","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101919","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive training for cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Gao","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09522-7","article-title":"Effects of computerised cognitive training on cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis","volume":"268","author":"Hu","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666160502123129","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric disturbances in mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"13","author":"K\u00f6hler","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.04.001","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of post-stroke mood disorders: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of depression, anxiety and adjustment disorder","volume":"47","author":"Mitchell","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.03.005","article-title":"Adherence to multidomain interventions for dementia prevention: data from the FINGER and MAPT trials","volume":"15","author":"Coley","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.12.063","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for apathy in mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, cross-over pilot study","volume":"261","author":"Padala","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16030360","article-title":"Computerized cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Hill","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["JMIR Neurotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/neuro.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e81437","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:26:29Z","timestamp":1785536789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/neuro.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e81437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/81437","relation":{},"ISSN":["2817-092X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2817-092X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"article-number":"v5i6e81437"}}