{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:07:16Z","timestamp":1782846436424,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Perioper Med"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Surgical education has shifted from the traditional Halstedian apprenticeship model toward incorporating simulation due to work-hour restrictions, increasing case complexity, and economic and liability pressures. Building on the success of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery program for general surgery, the Fundamentals of Arthroscopic Surgery Training (FAST) program was developed to establish proficiency benchmarks for orthopedic trainees in basic arthroscopic skills.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n We aimed to establish benchmarks for 5 FAST workstation modules.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Sports medicine fellowship\u2013trained faculty members were given instructions on the modules and 2 minutes of practice time, and they then performed each task 3 times with both their dominant and nondominant hand. For each module, mean faculty performance was used to establish an efficiency benchmark (time) and precision benchmark (errors).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The Probing module should be completed in less than 95 seconds with no errors. The Ring Transfer module should be completed in less than 134 seconds with no more than 1 error. The Maze module should be completed in less than 99 seconds with no errors. The Meniscectomy module should be completed in less than 68 seconds with no more than 1 error. Lastly, the Suture Passing module should be completed in less than 195 seconds with no more than 1 error.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The FAST workstation can be used as a proficiency-based learning tool for residents to safely and effectively develop arthroscopic skills outside of the operating room. These benchmarks were established via a method previously validated in surgical simulation and balance precision and efficiency for skills that are considered generalizable and transferable to arthroscopic surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/82723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T06:10:08Z","timestamp":1771999808000},"page":"e82723-e82723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Benchmark Development for Fundamental Arthroscopic Skills Using a Simulation-Based Training Program: Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2929-5411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5501-2159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brianna","family":"Caraet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3415-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Pedowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9917-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregg","family":"Nicandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-20-07-407","article-title":"Motor skills training in orthopaedic surgery: a paradigm shift toward a simulation-based educational curriculum","volume":"20","author":"Pedowitz","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9610(98)00080-4","article-title":"Development of a model for training and evaluation of laparoscopic skills","volume":"175","author":"Derossis","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-007-9451-1","article-title":"FLS simulator performance predicts intraoperative laparoscopic skill","volume":"21","author":"McCluney","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"9","key":"R4","first-page":"30","volume":"93","author":"Soper","journal-title":"Bull Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/s1072-7515(00)00339-2","article-title":"Laparoscopic training on bench models: better and more cost effective than operating room experience?","volume":"191","author":"Scott","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200210000-00008","article-title":"Virtual reality training improves operating room performance: results of a randomized, double-blinded study","volume":"236","author":"Seymour","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-001-9184-5","article-title":"The transfer of basic skills learned in a laparoscopic simulator to the operating room","volume":"16","author":"Hyltander","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2005.02.021","article-title":"Simulator training for laparoscopic suturing using performance goals translates to the operating room","volume":"201","author":"Korndorffer","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.07.035","article-title":"Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery simulator training to proficiency improves laparoscopic performance in the operating room-a randomized controlled trial","volume":"199","author":"Sroka","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-20-07-410","article-title":"Surgical simulation in orthopaedic skills training","volume":"20","author":"Atesok","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Committee on the Governance and Financing of Graduate Medical EducationBoard on Health Care ServicesInstitute of Medicine. Eden J Berwick DM Wilensky GR , editors. Graduate Medical Education That Meets the Nation\u2019s Health Needs. National Academies Press (US); 2014. 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