{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:29:51Z","timestamp":1787074191735,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Med Inform"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Efficiently finding and exploring relevant health studies is critical for informed, evidence-based health care. However, study information remains distributed across multiple resources, hindering interoperability, search, and reuse. Enhancing the findability of study data is a key challenge in promoting the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) principles in health research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to improve the findability and comparability of health studies by developing a semantically enriched graph-based framework that supports intuitive search and exploration for diverse stakeholders, including clinicians, researchers, and patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed the BRAinS-Graph (\u201cBiomedical Knowledge Graph for Recommending and Analysing Health Studies\u201d), a semantically enriched knowledge base that integrates data from ClinicalTrials.gov, the Portal for Medical Data Models, the Unified Medical Language System, and MeSH into a single graph database. The framework applies an extract-transform-load process to integrate heterogeneous data structures and link related information across study resources and biomedical ontologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BRAinS-Graph supports fine-grained, semantic searches across study metadata, eligibility criteria, and structural properties. Use cases illustrate its potential for clinicians, patients, and researchers, including analyses of study type distributions for meta-analyses and the identification of studies relevant to individual patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By integrating heterogeneous study data into one interconnected knowledge base, the BRAinS-Graph improves the findability, accessibility, and reusability of study information. This work establishes a foundation for graph-based study recommendation systems and cross-institutional research infrastructures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/86812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:15:07Z","timestamp":1780539307000},"page":"e86812-e86812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced Health Study Discoverability: Graph-Based Analysis Approach"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5504-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea","family":"G\u00fctebier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Gro\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1632-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9816-0445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Blumenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9740-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Dugas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1446-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volkmar","family":"Liebscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5886-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmar","family":"Waltemath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6211-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ron","family":"Henkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s13222-024-00477-2","article-title":"Making epidemiological and clinical studies FAIR using the example of COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Pigeot","journal-title":"Datenbank Spektrum"},{"issue":"1","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3627-6","article-title":"Clinical trial data reuse - overcoming complexities in trial design and data sharing","volume":"20","author":"Wilkinson","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"12","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018647","article-title":"Sharing and reuse of individual participant data from clinical trials: principles and recommendations","volume":"7","author":"Ohmann","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.18","article-title":"The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship","volume":"3","author":"Wilkinson","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"issue":"9","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1012065","article-title":"The ClinicalTrials.gov results database--update and key issues","volume":"364","author":"Zarin","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"International Standards for Clinical Trial Registries: the registration of all interventional trials is a scientific, ethical and moral responsibility. World Health Organization. 2018. URL: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/international-standards-for-clinical-trial-registers [Accessed 29-10-2025]"},{"issue":"9438","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17034-7","article-title":"Clinical trial registration: a statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors","volume":"364","author":"De Angelis","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1-02","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1786839","article-title":"Europe\u2019s largest research infrastructure for curated medical data models with semantic annotations","volume":"63","author":"Riepenhausen","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D267","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh061","article-title":"The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS): integrating biomedical terminology","volume":"32","author":"Bodenreider","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R10","first-page":"265","volume":"88","author":"Lipscomb","journal-title":"Bull Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Study data structure. ClinicalTrials.gov. URL: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/data-api\/about-api\/study-data-structure [Accessed 29-10-2025]"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/bav121","article-title":"Portal of medical data models: information infrastructure for medical research and healthcare","volume":"2016","author":"Dugas","journal-title":"Database (Oxford)"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"ODM. CDISC. URL: https:\/\/www.cdisc.org\/standards\/data-exchange\/odm [Accessed 25-08-2025]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01524-8","article-title":"Pragmatic MDR: a metadata repository with bottom-up standardization of medical metadata through reuse","volume":"21","author":"Hegselmann","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"MDM portal API documentation. Portal of Medical Data Models. URL: https:\/\/medical-data-models.org\/swagger-ui.html [Accessed 29-10-2025]"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"R16","first-page":"216","volume":"84","author":"McCray","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"issue":"6","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae561","article-title":"Graph databases in systems biology: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Mazein","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baab026","article-title":"An overview of graph databases and their applications in the biomedical domain","volume":"2021","author":"Tim\u00f3n-Reina","journal-title":"Database (Oxford)"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baae006","article-title":"Correction to: The importance of graph databases and graph learning for clinical applications","author":"Walke","journal-title":"Database"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08454-z","article-title":"A knowledge graph of clinical trials (CTKG)","volume":"12","author":"Chen","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab078","article-title":"COVID-19 trial graph: a linked graph for COVID-19 clinical trials","volume":"28","author":"Du","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"R22","unstructured":"Bai Y Sun H Du J . A PICO-based knowledge graph for representing clinical evidence. Presented at: Workshop on Extraction and Evaluation of Knowledge Entities from Scientific Documents; Apr 23-24, 2021; Changchun, China. 2021.URL: https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-3004\/paper8.pdf [Accessed 21-07-2026]"},{"issue":"20","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac592","article-title":"CovidGraph: a graph to fight COVID-19","volume":"38","author":"G\u00fctebier","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R24","unstructured":"Robinson I Webber J Eifrem E . Graph Databases: New Opportunities for Connected Data. 2nd ed. O\u2019Reilly Media, Inc; 2015. ISBN: 978-1-4919-3089-2"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-759-7-88","article-title":"Automatic conversion of metadata from the Study of Health in Pomerania to ODM","volume":"236","author":"Hegselmann","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vicknair C et al. A comparison of a graph database and a relational database: a data provenance perspective. Presented at: Proceedings of the 48th annual ACM Southeast Conference; Apr 15-17, 2010; Oxford, MS, USA. 2010.[doi: 10.1145\/1900008.1900067]","DOI":"10.1145\/1900008.1900067"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13040-016-0102-8","article-title":"Representing and querying disease networks using graph databases","volume":"9","author":"Lysenko","journal-title":"BioData Min"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SHTI250424","article-title":"mdm2neo4j: generating graph representations of medical data models","volume":"327","author":"G\u00fctebier","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"R29","unstructured":"\u00dcbersicht der Universit\u00e4tsklinika in Deutschland. Die Deutschen Universit\u00e4tsklinika. URL: https:\/\/www.uniklinika.de\/die-deutschenuniversitaetsklinika\/uebersicht-der-universitaetsklinika\/ [Accessed 29-10-2025]"},{"issue":"2","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.17886\/RKI-GBE-2017-048.2","article-title":"Regional health differences - developing a socioeconomic deprivation index for Germany","volume":"2","author":"Kroll","journal-title":"J Health Monit"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.25646\/10641","article-title":"German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD): revision, update and applications","volume":"7","author":"Michalski","journal-title":"J Health Monit"},{"issue":"2","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-022-03649-1","article-title":"The German Network of University Medicine: technical and organizational approaches for research data platforms","volume":"66","author":"Heyder","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz"},{"issue":"1","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-00780-z","article-title":"Obstacles to the reuse of study metadata in ClinicalTrials.gov","volume":"7","author":"Miron","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"issue":"1","key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-05147-w","article-title":"FAIR assessment of Disease Maps fosters open science and scientific crowdsourcing in systems biomedicine","volume":"12","author":"Balaur","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SHTI240847","article-title":"The German Central Health Study Hub - a service to find and publish clinical, public health and epidemiolocal studies and associated documents","volume":"317","author":"Darms","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"R36","unstructured":"Zeleke A et al. Implementation of a FAIR metrics concept for health data (v2_0). Zendo; 2025. [doi: 10.5281\/zenodo.15654481]"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R37.1","unstructured":"G\u00fctebier L Henkel R Waltemath D . Extending a COVID-19 knowledge graph with study protocols. Presented at: 67 Jahrestagung Der Deutschen Gesellschaft F\u00fcr Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie Und Epidemiologie e V (GMDS), 13 Jahreskongress Der Technologie- Und Methodenplattform F\u00fcr Die Vernetzte Medizinische Forschung eV (TMF). Aug 21-25, 2022"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R37.2","unstructured":"TMF. Dresden, Germany. 2022.[doi: 10.3205\/22gmds055]"},{"key":"R38","unstructured":"G\u00fctebier L et al. Similarity scoring as a novel approach towards reusing and combining data from existing clinical and health studies. Presented at: Gesundheit\u2013Gemeinsam Kooperationstagung Der Deutschen Gesellschaft F\u00fcr Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie Und Epidemiologie (GMDS), Deutschen Gesellschaft F\u00fcr Sozialmedizin Und Pr\u00a8avention (DGSMP), Deutschen Gesellschaft F\u00fcr Epidemiologie (DGEpi), Deutschen Gesellschaft F\u00fcr Medizinische Soziologie (DGMS) Und Der Deutschen Gesellschaft F\u00fcr Public Health (DGPH); Sep 8-13, 2024. 2024.[doi: 10.3205\/24GMDS015]"},{"key":"R39","unstructured":"BRAinS-Graph repository. Gitea URZ Greifswald. URL: https:\/\/git.uni-greifswald.de\/MILA_public\/BRAinS-Graph [Accessed 29-10-2025]"}],"container-title":["JMIR Medical Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:09:24Z","timestamp":1787072964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medinform.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e86812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/86812","relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-9694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-9694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"article-number":"v14i2e86812"}}