{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:04:40Z","timestamp":1789596280630,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In-home aged care is a vital part of Australia\u2019s formal aged care system, offering essential support for older adults living in their homes. From 2023 to 2024, over 1.1 million Australians received in-home aged care, and this number is expected to grow. However, significant workforce shortages are currently occurring in the sector. One potential solution to workforce shortages is integrating technology into in-home aged care. Technology can support health monitoring, care coordination, emergency detection, social connection, and physical activity. Despite progress in residential aged care, community aged care lacks sufficient evidence on technological implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to develop guidelines for implementing digital technology for in-home aged care, considering the needs of clients, their families, care workers, and aged care providers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guidelines were developed by a partnership consisting of a research institute and a national provider of in-home aged care. A 2-stage, mixed methods approach was used, integrating the data from a literature review, client and staff surveys, staff interviews, a co-design workshop, and case study to inform the guidelines\u2019 content and format. Content was refined iteratively with aged care staff, older people, and researchers, using a participatory approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven key domains and 19 subthemes were identified as critical to the successful implementation of digital technology for in-home aged care. These included factors related to technology design, privacy and trust, training and support, organizational culture, client care, digital literacy, and perceived benefits. Each subtheme was accompanied by enablers, barriers, and practical implementation tips. The guidelines were refined through participatory methods and validated via a real-world case study involving smart glasses, demonstrating their applicability and relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The guidelines offer a comprehensive, evidence-informed framework to support aged care providers in implementing digital technology for in-home aged care. By addressing the unique challenges of in-home settings and incorporating the perspectives of clients, staff, and organizations, the guidelines aim to enhance care quality, client outcomes, and workforce sustainability. Further testing and refinement are recommended to strengthen client perspectives and evaluate broader applicability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/86988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:30:05Z","timestamp":1786991405000},"page":"e86988-e86988","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of Guidelines for Implementing Digital Technology Into In-Home Aged Care: Mixed Methods Approach"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7302-7293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances","family":"Batchelor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baldwin Pok Man","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8049-2540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marissa","family":"Dickins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4132-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Jakupovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2357-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla","family":"Lock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8106-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya E","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"GEN Aged Care Data. 2022. URL: https:\/\/www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au\/ [Accessed 20-08-2026]"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"About aged care. Australian Government, Department of Health and Aged Care. 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/topics\/aged-care\/about-aged-care [Accessed 04-11-2024]"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). People using aged care. GEN Aged Care Data. 2025. URL: https:\/\/www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au\/topics\/people-using-aged-care [Accessed 20-08-2026]"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Budget 2024\u2013\u206025: investing in quality aged care. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/ministers\/the-hon-mark-butler-mp\/media\/budget-2024-25-investing-in-quality-aged-care [Accessed 04-11-2024]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1209-9","article-title":"Trends in the utilisation of aged care services in Australia, 2008-2016","volume":"19","author":"Khadka","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1145-y","article-title":"Prolonged wait time prior to entry to home care packages increases the risk of mortality and transition to permanent residential aged care services: findings from the Registry of Older south Australians (ROSA)","volume":"23","author":"Visvanathan","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Duty of care: meeting the aged care workforce challenge. Community for the Economic Development of Australia (CEDA); 2021. URL: https:\/\/www.ceda.com.au\/research-and-policy\/research\/health-ageing\/duty-of-care-meeting-the-aged-care-workforce-chall [Accessed 20-08-2026]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12635","article-title":"Care workers\u2019 perspectives of factors affecting a sustainable aged care workforce","volume":"68","author":"Xiao","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"Peters MDJ . Addressing nursing workforce shortages with comprehensive evidence-based strategies. Australian Nursing & Midwifery Journal (ANMJ). 2023. URL: https:\/\/anmj.org.au\/addressing-nursing-workforce-shortages-with-comprehensive-evidence-based-strategies\/ [Accessed 27-08-2026]"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Wells A . A tripartite approach to address workforce shortages in aged care. Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. 2023. URL: https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/ministers\/the-hon-anika-wells-mp\/media\/a-tripartite-approach-to-address-workforce-shortages-in-aged-care [Accessed 20-08-2026]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09513-5","article-title":"Mapping emerging technologies in aged care: results from an in-depth online research","volume":"23","author":"Fasoli","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz178","article-title":"Technology and caregiving: emerging interventions and directions for research","volume":"60","author":"Lindeman","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-020-00143-4","article-title":"How can technology support ageing in place in healthy older adults? A systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Ollevier","journal-title":"Public Health Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e395","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa064","article-title":"Co-designing technology for aging in place: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Sumner","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/39890","article-title":"The factors influencing older adults\u2019 decisions surrounding adoption of technology: quantitative experimental study","volume":"5","author":"Moxley","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Digital health. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/australias-health\/digital-health [Accessed 20-08-2026]"},{"issue":"4","key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-180221","article-title":"The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers","volume":"34","author":"Hong","journal-title":"Educ Inf"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-45","article-title":"Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews","volume":"8","author":"Thomas","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.70010","article-title":"Digital readiness of the in-home aged care workforce: a latent profile analysis","volume":"44","author":"Kwan","journal-title":"Australas J Ageing"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/76141","article-title":"The use of technology to deliver in-home aged care services: mixed methods study of Australian staff perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Kwan","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12611","article-title":"Nursing students\u2019 attitudes towards information and communication technology: an exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approach","volume":"71","author":"Lee","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8.4.e27","article-title":"eHEALS: the eHealth Literacy Scale","volume":"8","author":"Norman","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-117","article-title":"Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research","volume":"13","author":"Gale","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798420930932","article-title":"Latent class analysis: a guide to best practice","volume":"46","author":"Weller","journal-title":"J Black Psychol"},{"key":"R26","unstructured":"Batchelor F Williams S Kwan B et al. A framework for enabling technology supported aged care at home. National Ageing Research Institute; 2024. URL: https:\/\/www.nari.net.au\/implementation-framework-fetch [Accessed 20-08-2026]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18036-5","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to health technology adoption by older adults with chronic diseases: an integrative systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Bertolazzi","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2024.1349520","article-title":"Implementation of digital health technologies for older adults: a scoping review","volume":"5","author":"Jutai","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104824","article-title":"Using health information technology in residential aged care homes: an integrative review to identify service and quality outcomes","volume":"165","author":"Bail","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"11","key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2015.07.002","article-title":"Emerging ICT implementation issues in aged care","volume":"84","author":"Kapadia","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/10376178.2023.2242978","article-title":"Technology in aged care: a qualitative survey of academic, research, and technology industry professionals","volume":"59","author":"Lion","journal-title":"Contemp Nurse"},{"issue":"2","key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/31162","article-title":"Technology-mediated enrichment in aged care: survey and interview study","volume":"5","author":"Waycott","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033096","article-title":"Enablers and barriers to the implementation of socially assistive humanoid robots in health and social care: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Papadopoulos","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2023.105216","article-title":"Change agent\u2019s role in facilitating use of technology in residential aged care: a systematic review","volume":"179","author":"Rigby","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"}],"container-title":["JMIR Formative Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:42:06Z","timestamp":1789594926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/formative.jmir.org\/2026\/1\/e86988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/86988","relation":{},"ISSN":["2561-326X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2561-326X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"article-number":"v10i1e86988"}}