{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:12:57Z","timestamp":1788556377958,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Res Protoc"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Black, Caribbean, and African immigrant communities in Canada face compounding systemic inequities that undermine mental well-being and limit access to culturally grounded mental health promotion (MHP) strategies. Despite growing national policy attention to these disparities, the landscape of MHP programs and initiatives developed for, with, or by Black, Caribbean, and African populations remains fragmented and poorly synthesized.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This scoping review aims to (1) map existing MHP strategies, programs, and activities targeting Black, Caribbean, and African immigrant communities in Canada; (2) identify barriers and facilitators influencing their implementation and uptake; and (3) illuminate gaps in current research, policy, and practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Guided by Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis, the review draws on 6 databases: MEDLINE (OVID), APA PsycINFO (OVID), Embase (OVID), PubMed, CINAHL Plus (EBSCOhost), and Google Scholar. Gray literature sources include community reports and government-funded initiatives such as those supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada\u2019s Promoting Health Equity: Mental Health of Black Canadians Fund. Eligibility criteria focus on English-language sources addressing MHP or mental illness prevention within the Canadian Black, Caribbean, and African immigrant context. Data will be charted independently in duplicate using Covidence and analyzed through descriptive methods, including tabular summaries and narrative synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Preliminary searches were conducted in June 2025. Formal database searches were completed in October 2025, yielding 2349 records across 6 databases. Following automated and manual deduplication (n=1048), 1301 records proceeded to title and abstract screening. Of these, 193 studies were sought for retrieval and full-text assessment. Data extraction is underway, with full results expected for publication in late 2026.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This review will produce the first consolidated map of MHP strategies targeting Black, Caribbean, and African immigrant communities in Canada. Findings are expected to reveal heterogeneity in intervention design, with a concentration of reactive, treatment-adjacent programs and limited representation of upstream, community-led, and culturally rooted approaches. Results will inform equity-driven policy development, support culturally responsive service design, and provide a foundation for future participatory research that centers Black, Caribbean, and African communities as knowledge producers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/88586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:45:08Z","timestamp":1783449908000},"page":"e88586-e88586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mental Health Promotion Among Black, Caribbean, and African Immigrants in Canada: Protocol for a Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4860-3965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah","family":"Boakye-Yiadom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2599-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Yembilah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1030-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bukola","family":"Salami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2022.106530","article-title":"Mobilizing communities and families for child mental health promotion in Canada: Views of African immigrants","volume":"139","author":"Alaazi","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/27551938241311875","article-title":"Mental Health of Black Canadians: A Scoping Review","volume":"55","author":"Olanlesi-Aliu","journal-title":"Int J Soc Determinants Health Health Serv"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Herrman H Saxena S Moodie R World Health OrganizationVictorian Health Promotion FoundationUniversity of Melbourne. Promoting mental health: concepts, emerging evidence, practice. World Health Organization; 2005. URL: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/0a073e1b-3219-46cd-adaa-3dc8df2df721\/content [Accessed 01-09-2026]"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-024-00800-5","article-title":"Scoping review on mental health standards for Black youth: identifying gaps and promoting equity in community, primary care, and educational settings","volume":"18","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Vega","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Promoting health equity: mental health of Black Canadians initiative \u2013 Mental Health of Black Canadians Fund. Public Health Agency of Canada. 2018. URL: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/funding-opportunities\/grant-contribution-funding-opportunities\/promoting-health-equity-mental-health-black-canadians-fund.html [Accessed 14-08-2026]"},{"issue":"2","key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.32920\/ihtp.v1i2.1437","article-title":"Perspectives of service agencies on factors influencing immigrants\u2019 mental health in Alberta, Canada","volume":"1","author":"Alaazi","journal-title":"Int Health Trends & Persp"},{"issue":"4","key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-690x.2003.00246.x","article-title":"Migration and mental health","volume":"109","author":"Bhugra","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Harper M . Migration and Mental Health: Past and Present (Mental Health in Historical Perspective). Springer; 2016. ISBN: 9781349708239"},{"issue":"7","key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2021.1955092","article-title":"Actions needed to promote health equity and the mental health of Canada\u2019s Black refugees","volume":"27","author":"King","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters M Godfrey C McInerney P Munn Z Tricco A Khalil H . Scoping reviews. In: JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI; 2020. [doi: 10.46658\/JBIMES-24-09]","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-09"},{"issue":"7","key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["JMIR Research Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:21:40Z","timestamp":1788553300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2026\/1\/e88586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":12,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/88586","relation":{},"ISSN":["1929-0748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1929-0748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"article-number":"v15i3e88586"}}