{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:08:47Z","timestamp":1789067327812,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMIR Form Res"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Targeting automatic approach tendencies toward alcohol-related stimuli has been shown to significantly reduce relapse rates in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) when used as an add-on to inpatient treatment. Traditional approach-avoidance task (AAT) training requires a clinical setting and a stationary device.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n A mobile app was tested that allowed the training to be conducted outside a clinical environment while capturing actual motion parameters, such as acceleration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Three proof-of-concept studies assessed the reliability and validity of the mobile app version of the AAT. Study 1 tested technical stability and measurement reliability in 26 university students across 6 home-based sessions. Study 2 examined approach-avoidance tendencies in 15 inpatients with AUD. Study 3 tested 28 soccer fans to determine the modifiability of alcohol-related biases after 3 or 6 training sessions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The app demonstrated high technical stability and measurement reliability in study 1. In study 2, patients showed faster reaction times (RTs) when pushing away alcohol-related images (avoidance tendency) and greater acceleration when pulling them toward themselves (approach tendency). In study 3, participants also exhibited an RT-based alcohol avoidance bias and a small acceleration-based alcohol approach bias. Training effects were observed for RTs after the test, indicating an increase in alcohol avoidance. An increase in acceleration-based alcohol avoidance was only found in participants with risky alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The mobile app version of the AAT appears to produce reliable measures and might have the potential to effectively modify alcohol-related automatic tendencies. The current study serves as a proof of concept, so all results should be treated as exploratory. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the app\u2019s potential to change actual alcohol behavior in nonclinical populations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/89635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:10:06Z","timestamp":1785849006000},"page":"e89635-e89635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Smartphone-Based Approach-Avoidance Bias Modification for Alcohol Stimuli: Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0779-4424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthis","family":"Morgenstern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9782-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Pietsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5141-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilmar","family":"Zech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5346-4234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anya","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7163-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiner","family":"Hanewinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e751","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00174-4","article-title":"National, regional, and global statistics on alcohol consumption and associated burden of disease 2000-20: a modelling study and comparative risk assessment","volume":"10","author":"Shield","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"10129","key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30134-X","article-title":"Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599\u2008912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies","volume":"391","author":"Wood","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Manthey J Kilian C . 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