{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:44:10Z","timestamp":1785545050755,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Internet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traditional in-person neuropsychological tests for Parkinson disease (PD) lack accessibility, scalability, and PD specificity. Mobility impairments hinder access to in-person assessments, and long waiting times for expert evaluation limit scalability. Common tools for cognitive screening, such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, are generic and not specific to PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal of this study was to address these challenges by leveraging the internet. This study aimed to develop a sensitive tool to detect cognitive impairments in early- to mid-stage PD in an accessible and scalable manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed the Online Rapid Cognitive Assessment for Parkinson\u2019s Disease (ORCA-PD), a brief (~15 min), fully self-administered tool, tailored to detect PD-specific impairments remotely. In a cross-sectional study, 112 participants from diverse geographical locations completed the ORCA-PD and a usability questionnaire. Task selection for ORCA-PD was guided by meta-analyses and comprehensive reviews, which demonstrated medium-to-high sensitivity to PD compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants from more than 30 geographical locations showed a 93% (135\/145) completion rate, with median usability ratings of 4 to 5 (IQRs 0-1) out of 5, indicating strong usability across a diverse sample. The ORCA-PD score significantly correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (\u03c1=0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.64;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001; n=56), supporting convergent validity. The ORCA-PD scores also followed expected significant trends: neurotypical controls scored higher than participants with PD (\u03b2=4.18;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.048) and participants with PD without mild cognitive impairment scored higher than participants with PD with mild cognitive impairment (\u03b2=7.22;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.046), confirming 2 discriminative abilities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ORCA-PD demonstrated usability and preliminary validity. ORCA-PD offers an accessible, scalable, and PD-sensitive cognitive screening test that could complement traditional in-person, supervised tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/90057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:55:09Z","timestamp":1776354909000},"page":"e90057-e90057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Preliminary Validation of ORCA-PD, an Online Rapid Cognitive Assessment for Parkinson Disease: Mixed Methods Study"],"prefix":"10.2196","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1596-6372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avigail","family":"Lithwick Algon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7108-9759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Brisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9607-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Ying R","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-2478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Saban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1010","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-0117-1","article-title":"Current and projected future economic burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease in the U.S","volume":"6","author":"Yang","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kouli A Torsney KM Kuan WL . 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